- It is of outstanding importance that EDs be delineated
unambiguously, so their borders should follow the street
axis (street block districts).
- As far as possible, each ED should consist in a
uniformly built-in or functionally homogeneous area.
- EDs are to be established inside the administrative
boundaries, without crossing the limits of inner (and
town-planning) areas, according to settlement units
(central and other inner area/s, inhabited outer areas).
- Institutional households (e.g. students' homes, workers
homes, social care institutions) should constitute separate
EDs if the number of their inhabitants exceeds 100.
- EDs should cover, without overlapping, the total area of
the locality.
This system of establishing EDs proved useful in the practice of
three population censuses (1960, 1970 and 1980), so it was also
applied in the 1990 census, with some additional considerations.
One of our basic problems was to insure uniform burdening of
enumerators using the questionnaires of the basic (short) and the
representative (long) programme, respectively. In order to achieve
this objective, the originally established districts of 300 persons
on the average, mostly coinciding with those of the 1980 census,
were subdivided into sub-districts of 150 persons and 89
dwellings at the most. The interviewers of the basic programme
were given three of such sub-districts, while those with the longer
form, two.
In the preparatory phase of the 1990 population and housing
census, there were 30 town-planning districts established in
Zugló. Their average number of inhabitants and of dwellings
(housing units) were 4783 and 2010, respectively. The decline
in the population size of this part of the capital was somewhat
more marked (7.496) than in the capital as a whole in the 1990-
1996 period. An ever growing part of this decrease was due to
the negative net migration. In 1996 for example, nearly 1300
persons moved definitely from this district to Pest county,
above all into the localities belonging to the administrative; this
number is more than double of that observed in 1990. At the
same time, in the same period the housing (dwelling) stock
increased by 3.296, i.e. by 1904 dwellings, that is by more than
the average growth rate observed in the 23 districts of the
capital.
However, the growing housing stock did not change
significantly the built-in area of the district, thus allowing a
realistic detailed comparison of the Clusters IV. interpretation
with the town-planning areas of 1990. The established
nomenclature being defined partly with character of being built-
in, partly with functional characteristics, it was possible to
analyse the distribution of homogeneous and heterogeneous
town-planning areas. More than one third of the 30 town-
planning districts contain several categories of built-in areas, of
which in 6 or 7 the structure is quite composite. This is not
contradictory to the aforementioned definition, and the required
population size does not allow for a far more detailed area
delimitation either. However, in the preparatory phase of the
next census it will be possible to establish a more homogeneous
and more detailed districting in Zugló, as compared to the 1990
one.
On the basis of the example of Zugló, provided that we had
land use maps complying with CLUSTERS IV. categories for
the other districts of the capital and the main cities, it would be
possible to establish the town-planning districts even more
precisely and more tingly.
The more accurate and tinted delimitation is not so evident in
the case of enumeration districts. In fact the definition of the
enumeration district contains the criterion of homogeneity, too,
but in our practice this unit is first of all a technical, data
collection and organizational category, generally small -
sometimes even punctual - from the dimension point of view. In
the case of enumeration district the interpretation can rather be
used ulteriorly. Namely, already in 1970, at the first census
application of the town-planning districts, the data files by
enumeration districts should have contained some classification
according to land use, characteristic of building-in and
settlement morphology. However, this was omitted from the
topics of the data collection, and could not be recovered
subsequently. This classification could be carried out on the
basis of appropriate land use maps, mainly by using the
interpretation of space photos. (At the same time, it should be
noted that in the course of our recent, 1996 microcensus a
similar question was included in the survey programme, and
had to be answered by the interviewers during the data
collection on the field, and we gained a positive experience on
the usability of these answers.)
The local government (municipality) of Zugló having a highly
developed service of spatial information, has also other means for
establishing the enumeration district of the next census, besides
making use of the results of the interpretation. Possessing
digitized base maps with land borders and allowing the
identification by streets and street numbers, they are able to apply
to street numbers the relevant population size and housing stock.
This system is fit to determine on the basis of knowing the
preliminary population size and number of dwellings of the 1092
census enumeration districts, whether and where would be
necessary to establish new enumeration districts or to modify their
borders in the course of the preparatory works for the next census.
4. CONCLUSION
4.1. Urban agglomeration
The results of urban statistical studies based on remote sensing
afford manifold help in the establishing of the evolution of the
major factors of the agglomeration process: the character of
building-in, the population concentration. The project already
allowed revealing several aspects of this many-sidedness, while
the detailed analysis of the results as well as their use in
statistics and urban planning may constitute the subject of
further and longer papers containing new and usable
information.
It is evident that the concept of urban agglomeration, as used in
the project, cannot fully overlap the complex agglomeration in
a larger sense. The relevant definition of this latter can be found
in a publication of the ministry responsible for this item, as
follows: "Agglomeration: complex of localities formed by the
rapid growth and, sometimes, by the merger of localities of an
area delineated on the basis of dominant inter-locality relations
and functional characteristics. Its elements progress in close and
many-sided interdependence, but do not form a unique
locality."
82 International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXII, Part 7, Budapest, 1998
The
char:
elem
work
comi
insti!
comi
are
comi
and i
All
aggl
mn
conc
in th
4.2.
The
gain
Supp
mak
only
Is re
this
In oi
wou
large
gain
info
amic
auto
