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MODÈLES NUMÉRIQUES
DIGITAL MAPPING AND MAP MAKING
PROCESS AUTOMATION
M. V. SHULMIN, A. V. BOJKO
K.N. GERTSENOVA
U.R.S.S.
Automation of map making processes based on the digital methods of the information data
processing with the use of computers is the most long-term procedure. This was found out in the
course of the analysis of all the possible methods of automation of the map and plan making pro-
cesses. This analysis showed that such an automation is the most long-term due to its reliability
and potentialities of topographic data complex usage. On this base it is quite possible to create
automatized control system over the technological processes ; system that includes a number of
intercommunicated links, meanwhile each of them automatizes a definite process. Digital topogra-
phic data obtained at the output of the system are kept on modern capacious bearers of information
and can be repeatedly used for various purposes such as : automatic maps and plans compiling,
their updating (actualization), automation of airphotorectifying and solving of different engineer tasks.
According to this in Tsniigaik the researches are being carried out and the programm
has been created providing the following processes :
- photogrammetric densifying of the geodetic control by analytical block phototriangulation
construction ;
- obtaining and processing of the information about relief and planimetry received by the pho-
tographic images of terrain ;
- processing of the information on relief and planimetry, received by geodetic methods ;
- graphical plans (maps) compiling.
The report deals with the problems of processing of information on relief and planimetry
and those of automatic graphical plans compiling. ,
Taking into account differences in methods of obtaining and processing information about
relief and planimetry, and engineer usage of digital relief models as well, it is considered to be
expedient to process those data in different technological links. Gaining information about relief
according to photographic images of terrain is carried out also apart from the survey of planime-
tric features.
Digital relief models are intended for automation of the following processes :
- representation of relief on topographical and special plans ;
- control over the process of the projection scale change when orthorectifying ;
- projecting of railways and high-ways (main roads), canals, pipelines and other line engineer
constructions ;
- projecting of vertical terrain planning on irrigated lands, building sites in settlements.
Besides the digital models are effective when it is necessary to determine the amount of
excavation in the opencut mine. They are also effective while studying the dynamics of certain
processes of nature (such as reservoirs banks washes-out, soil erosion, glaciers movement and
others).
The being carried out analysis showed that in all the cases of topographic and engineer
usage of digital models (except vertical terrain planning) it is quite enough to determine the heights
of node points with the mean error of 0.15- 0.20 m, to solve the problem of vertical planning of
terrain the heights of node points must be determined with the mean errors of 0.06 - 0.07 m (when
the size of embankments and cuttings is less than 800 m3).
Figure 1 shows the technological scheme of the automation of the processes under dis-
cussion.
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