CEI IN PHOTOGRAMMETRY - HELP TO REFORM COUNTRIES 
Vlastimil Hanzl , Institute of geodesy, TU Brno, Czech republic 
Commission VI, Working Group 4 
KEY WORDS: Education, Training, International Cooperation, ORIENT. 
ABSTRACT: 
The paper deals with the project pointed to help for reform countries. The courses were took place for 
photogrammetrics from universities of middle and south-eastern Europe at Institute for Photogrammetry and Remote 
Sensing TU Vienna. Obtained experiences and knowledge help to improve quality of photogrammetry education in 
reform countries. 
1. INTRODUCTION 
In the year 1991 was started in Austria the project arising 
from cooperation of states CEI (Central Europe Initiative, 
former Pentagonala). Institute for Photogrammetry and 
Remote Sensing TU Vienna invited several teachers of 
photogrammetry from reform countries to take part in 
photogrammetric courses ORIENT and SCOP. ORIENT 
is universal program system intended for determination 
of points by adjustment in photogrammetry developed in 
TU Vienna. The conception of ORIENT was presented in 
1976 (Kager, 1976) and applied to practice in 1978 
(Kager, 1980). The system was expanded in next years. 
2. ORIENT COURSES 
The first course (1991) served to introducing with 
program system. The structure of program system were 
explained for participants of course. For handling with 
basic modules of ORIENT were used two demoprojects: 
phototriangulation around a large building and 
aerotriangulation. Each from took part universities 
obtained program system ORIENT at the end of course. 
Second one (1992) , we can say advanced course, was 
aimed on special tasks as calibration non-metric camera, 
right using of robust adjustment, creation of CMD 
procedures and etc. The third and fourth courses(both 
1994) were pointed on to presentation of practical 
applications of participants. Fourth course was took 
place in Kocovce (Slowakia ) as ORIENT seminar. The 
reports were collected in proceedings. The papers dealt 
with calibration non-metric cameras, deformation lock 
gate, measurement of spatial form of suspended cable 
bridge, monitoring landslide territory , using of ORIENT 
in education and medicine, plotting of area fracture 
surface of rock material. 
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3. ORIENT AT TU BRNO 
At Institute of geodesy TU Brno is ORIENT used mainly 
in teaching. In the basic course of photogrammetry in 
third year of study is ORIENT used for solution of single 
task - phototriangulation with only several images and 
demonstration of aerotriangulation. There are good 
conditions and sufficient time in arbitrary courses for 
solution of various photogrammetric tasks in fourth and 
fifth years of study. For learning we prepared a brief text 
about ORIENT in Czech language. These arbitrary 
courses attend groups having 8 - 10 students. | regard 
as the best use of ORIENT in students” theses. From 
1992 until 1996 was program system used in 14 theses 
for aerotriangulation, camera calibration, architecture 
purposes, archaeology, creation maps from archive 
images for environmental protection (Hanzl, 1995). 
Some difficulties with learning of ORIENT are 
compensated with interest of students to work on 
interest projects. 
4. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION 
The program system ORIENT was used for many tasks. 
One of them was CIPA test “O. Wagner Pavilion“. The 
test object is one of the Otto Wagners Station buildings 
on the Karlsplatz in Vienna. The aim of the test was to 
compare: software, different cameras, measuring 
devices, etc. and test 3x3 rules of CIPA. Specialists from 
15 institutes have been participated in this project. The 
set of 52 images have been disturbed to participants of 
second course. The results were sent to evaluation to P. 
Patias from University of Thessaloniki, Greece. It was 
unique opportunity to take part in international project for 
some ORIENT project participants and we also 
obtained good material for teaching and training. 
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B6. Vienna 1996