- 528 - 
In the field of cartography and geodesy, in particular, space 
technology contributes to the solution of the following problems: 
- making and revision of topographical, geographical and 
thematic maps; 
- plotting of geodetic networks and establishment of geodetic 
ties with remote regions; 
- general study of the Earth gravitational field and figure of 
the geoid; 
For making and revision of maps with the help of Earth 
satellites, the image of the Earth surface must be obtained on the necessary 
scale; it must have both the needed accuracy and informative capacity. At 
present, various methods of obtaining images of such kind are already known 
and have found application; however, in present conditions the most accurate 
information for topographical mapping can be obtained with the help of 
photography. 
Application of the aforesaid methods for space research is 
characterized by certain peculiar features. Although modern aerial cameras 
are fit for space surveying, utilization of a carrier based on the ballistic 
principle of flight advances some specific requirements as to their design. 
The said requirements are caused by limitations in weight and in energy 
supply, by weightlessness, and some peculiar features of control of the 
equipment. 
The choice of the optimal parameters of the photographic system 
is generally executed in two steps. At first, a system is designed that can 
secure the desired resolution on the ground at a minimum focal length. Then 
a real optical system is chosen the parameters of which are near those of the 
calculated system. The conditions in which photographic surveying should be 
executed (brightness, exposure, illumination, photographic films and filters) 
and the method of chemical-photographical treatment (processing) are deter 
mined by experiment. 
Thus, when realizing a photographic experiment on board the 
orbital station "Salut", the choice of parameters of the instruments and 
determination of exposure were made for average conditions of photography 
where the spectral albedos of two chosen objects - one of which the brightest, 
the other - the darkest - were considered constant as to their spectre and 
equal to 0,1 and 0,05 respectively. The optical thickness and indicatrix of 
dispersion were taken in correspondence with an average transparency of the 
atmosphere. The sensitive material was chosen on the basis of the results of 
investigations of image-building qualities of the photographic system. 
The parameters of the instruments for star photography were 
chosen proceeding from the necessity of getting a minimum of 3 stars on an 
image. At the same time the possibility was provided for the cosmonauts to 
change regulation of the star camera which permitted one to use it for taking 
earth 
namely 
survey 
60 sec 
frames 
which 
and fo 
calibr 
equip“ 
eris 
rega 
work 
the 
acti 
has 
of 
in 
infc 
g ra l 
on i 
voli 
Ear 
pho 
out