- 529 - 
Lcular, space 
is: 
earth objects as well. 
cal and 
It was intended to execute photography in various conditions, 
namely: 
of geodetic 
- taking photography of the Earth with one or two cameras, 
and figure of 
- taking photography of stars with a single camera; synchronous 
surveying of stars with two cameras; 
Earth 
the necessary 
pacity. At 
lready known 
nost accurate 
ielp of 
- synchronous photography of the Earth and stars. 
Photography could be executed automatically at intervals 1 + 
60 sec. or at any other interval exceeding 1 second if surveying by single 
frames was executed. 
Besides that, the cosmonauts were provided with hand cameras, 
which they used for inside photography within the compartments of the station, 
and for outside photography through the scuttles as well. 
search is 
rial cameras 
:he ballistic 
ieir design, 
t energy 
. of the 
The peculiar features of the photometric and geometric 
calibration of space cameras are caused by difficulties of investigating the 
equipment directly in flight conditions. 
So, in particular, test polygons used for calibration of 
equipment intended for space surveying must be of larger size and require a 
larger volume of ground work as compared with test polygons normally used for 
raphic system 
ned that can 
ength. Then 
those of the 
ng should be 
and filters) 
are deter- 
mapping from aircraft. 
For these reasons accurate determination of different charact 
eristics of the equipment should be made in the preparatory period with due 
regard to actual working conditions of future surveys. Here the calibration 
work includes a determination of the picture coordinate system in relation to 
the station coordinate system: this is needed for consecutive calculation of 
actual orientation. 
3oard the 
snts and 
)tography 
the brightest, 
)ectre and 
idicatrix of 
jncy of the 
le results of 
r stem. 
Experimental surveying executed from the orbital station "Salut" 
has shown that space vehicles equipped with topographic surveying cameras 
of corresponding parameters open a new way for scientific-technical progress 
in the field of cartography. The obtained pictures offer qualitatively new 
information. These new qualities of information obtainable from space photo 
graphs are connected with the following factors: 
- a high degree of integration, i.e. the possibility of getting, 
on a single photograph, images of objects and phenomena contained in a large 
volume of space; 
iphy were 
-ars on an 
monauts to 
t for taking 
- image generalization - optical, that of scale and for both 
Earth curvature and relief; as a result, single details disappear from a 
photograph, whereas the principal features of objects of large extension stand 
out distinctly;