International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Vol. 32, Part 7-4-3 W6, Valladolid, Spain, 3-4 June, 1999 
(c) (d) 
Fig. 5. (a) 255 x 255 detail of MOMS-2P Band 3; (b) 153 x 153 TM (Bands 4-5-7 as R-G-B colour composite); (c) MOMS-2P 
Band 3 spectrally enhanced by TM Bands 5 and 7; (d) high-frequency components injected into the TM Bands 5 and 7 (biased and 
rescaled for displaying purpose). All the data are shown on a 18 m scale. 
4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 
The area of San Rossore pinewood, of which MOMS-2P and 
Landsat TM data were available, is located on the Tyrrhenian 
coast of Tuscany, in Central Italy. The TM data were collected on 
04/08/90, while the MOMS-2P image on 15/03/97. The gap oc 
curred between the two acquisitions is compensated by the little 
amount of scene variations, which justifies the fusion experiment. 
In fact, soil use, which includes evergreen woodland, crops, and 
urban area is mostly unchanged, at least in the zone analysed. 
All the images (a whole stripe of MOMS and a slice of the 
TM scene covering the same area) were registered on the same 
cartographic base, each retaining its own scale. A first-order 
polynomial model was used together with cubic resampling. The 
absence of relief makes the accuracy of registration (a complete 
affine transformation) be satisfactory when measured on control 
points (absolute error less than one fourth of pixel) and, visually, 
on the whole (less than one pixel). Obviously, registration accu 
racy influences the performances of data fusion, but that is not 
the concern of this experiment. The pyramid method was applied 
with a ratio p/q = 5/3 and two levels of decomposition (K = 1). 
Since the three available multi-spectral bands of MOMS-2P, 
labeled as Band 1 to 3, overlap with Bands 2, 3 and 4 of TM, the 
experiment consists of synthesizing the three missing MOMS-2P 
bands (one in the blue and two in the infrared wavelengths) from 
the TM data. In the former case TM Band 1 (blue) was spatially 
enhanced to 18 m scale by means of high-pass features borrowed 
from MOMS-2P Band 2 (green, the most similar) and displayed 
as R-G-B true colour together with the available Bands 2 and 3 
from MOMS. In the latter case two infrared bands at 18 m were 
created from TM Bands 5 and 7 to which the high-pass frequen 
cies of MOMS-2P Band 3 (near infrared) were superimposed.