International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXII, Part 6. Bandung-lndonesia 1999 
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN PRODUCTION 
Bemt H. Bakken 
Blom - Narcon Cooperation 
Jl.P.H.H Musthopa No.74 
Bandung 40124 
Indonesia 
E-Mail : blomnrc@ibm.net.id 
Commission VI Symposium; Technologi Transféré 
KEY WORDS : Technology transfer in an industrial map production environment. 
ABSTRACT 
PT.NARCON of Bandung, Indonesia and Blom ASA of Oslo Norway, both companies being mapping and surveying 
companies, joined forces in 1987. The first successful bid for a mapping contract was a World Bank Financed contract 
for mapping parts of South and East Kalimantan for BAKOSURTANAL, The Indonesian National Mapping Authority. 
The contract covered Photogrammetric Compilation, Field Compilation, Cartographic Production and Offset Printing of 
181 scale 1:50.000 maps. 
The first mapping contract was based on analog production methods. There were three foreign experts transferring at that time 
“modern" mapping technologies to the Indonesia private mapping sector. During this first joined cooperation between the Indonesian 
and Norwegian private mapping industry a lot of experience were gained for both parties. In a sense there were transfer of technology 
both ways. The maps to be produced had to be completed within a limited time frame and there was no time to follow Norwegian 
Training Programs which takes 3 to 4 years for professionals in mapping different disciplines. The only way we could reach the 
production target was to specialize the operators and break down the routines for quality control into smaller entities. 
1. INTRODUCTION 
In 1991 BAKOSURTANAL invited the Norwegian mapping 
industry to make a feasibility study introducing digital 
basemapping in Indonesia. 
The feasibility study focused on scale 1:25.000 and 1:50.000 
topographic basemapping. The study concluded that the 
collection of geographic information should be in digital form 
and that it was not yet the time to invest in equipment for a 
digital cartographic production process. 
In the last half of 1992 the project “ Medium scale Digital 
Mapping of Jawa, Bali, Nusa Tenggara and Maluku Selatan“ 
was defined by BAKOSURTANAL. The island of Jawa, the 
most populated area of Indonesia, the island Bali and the islands 
east of Bali including South Maluku should be mapped at scale 
1:25.000. A land area of 216000 km square stretched over a 
distance of 3000 km was to be mapped. 
1662 map sheets had to be produced to cover this area and the 
project time was to be eight years. The production should 
include ground control surveying, aerial photography, 
photogrammetric compilation, field compilation, cartographic 
processing and ofset printing. 
After contract negotiation the mapping contract was awarded to 
BIom-Narcon Cooperation. During the contract negotiation 
between BAKOSURTANAL and Blom-Narcon Cooperation it 
was made clear that BAKOSURTANAL did not accept a partly 
digital and analog production process. BAKOSURTANAL 
expected the Contractor to 
establish a fully digital production line, without any changes to 
the finance plan for the project. 
In mid-April 1993 Blom-Narcon Cooperation received 
approval to start the execution of the project. 
An average of ten foreign experts were allocated for the project, 
running over 96 months. Four experts were defined as Project 
Advisory Group to BAKOSURTANAL and Six were defined as 
Technical Assistance Team for Blom-Narcon Cooperation. Four 
out of the ten were managerial positions. 
The foreign experts working with BAKOSURTANAL were 
mostly recruited from the Norwegian Mapping Authority and 
the experts working with Blom-Narcon Cooperation were from 
the private industry. 
The Contractor was to be paid for deliverables, being expert 
manmonths and units produced and approved. The only way 
this project could be completed to complete in time and within 
budget, was to train Indonesian personnel in administration, 
production and quality control. 
2. PRODUCTION VOLUME 
Control Point Surveying 
188 first order ground control points were to be observed, 
utilizing GPS and Total Stations.