CIPA 2003 XIX th International Symposium, 30 September - 04 October, 2003, Antalya, Turkey
627
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requirements for the World Heritage monuments which the
Church is a part of.
In the framework of “The Program for restoration works at
architectural monuments of the State Outdoor Museum
Kolomenskoye” for 2000-2004, Specialized company KREAL
in 2001 commenced and still continues completion of complex
engineering-technical examination of the Church building under
an assignment of the General Contractor (CNRPM), utilizing
modern methods and means involving mainly non-interfering
technologies.
The works are conducted under a program agreed with a
Division named “Architectural monuments” of the Federal
Scientific-Methodological Council for the protection of the
cultural heritage of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian
Federation.
The program includes:
• Engineering-geodesic (measurement) works
• Examination of basements and foundations
• Examination of constructions.
In the result of engineering-geodesic works performed in an
electronic form the following was completed: floor plans on
various heights, facades, and cross-sections. A situational plan
of the land plot was performed.
Obtained materials allowed constructing a three-dimensional
model of the church and they will serve as grounds for the
restoration and recovery project.
Received materials allowed us to construct a three-dimensional
model of the church and will be used as the basis of the project
for restoration and recovery works. Such three-dimensional
model in addition to external and internal sizes includes all
information available about the site (construction elements,
defects, cracks, geological composition of the underlying
subsoil). Such three-dimensional modeling has a number of
major advantages:
firstly, it is a fullest and compact description of the examined
site, secondly, it allows us to fix, or, if we may say so, clone the
site. A solid model makes it possible to obtain any sections and
cross-sections and perform any measurements. As a result, we
have an electronic copy of the examined site, which
encompasses the fullest information about the site at the time of
its examination.
Analysis of already obtained examination results related to the
examination of the basement and foundation allow to conclude
that the relief of the plot has a significant slope in the
direction of the Moskva River, to the east of the building the
slope was artificially planned. The slope of the Moskva River
around the Church of Ascent is characterized as stable from the
point of view of landslides. Until 1980 there existed slight
erosion due to the closeness of the river. In 1980 - 1983 the
river bank was re-enforced.
The basement of the main tall part of the building and carousel
columns complete a unified platform faced with masonry
utilizing a limestone solution (dimensions 24,5x27,2 meters).
The foundation under the walls of the western part of the
overlapping foundation and foundations of the porches are strip
footing.
The upper part of the foundation platform is made of limestone
that was roughly cut using a limestone solution, and its lower
part is made of broken limestone using a limestone solution
filled with crashed stone and crashed brick.
It must be noted that for the first time in the history of studying
a monument a constructive solution of the foundation was
disclosed. The foundation platform has a close to a wedge-
shaped form, the capacity of the platform increases in the
western direction, and it is placed in the depth of 4 to 7 meters.
We may suppose that such construction of the platform was
used in order to prevent from the slide of the foundation down
the slope in the direction of the Moskva River.
Under the foundation platform IGIT LLC disclosed a pile field
of wooden piles made in the form of logs, semi-logs and
squared beams with a diameter of about 18 cm and 0,80 -1,15
meters long placed within a distance of 0,3 - 0,4 meters. The
piles have a different degree of rot. Some of them are almost
completely rotten and there are empty spaces on the place where
they were installed that are called “glasses”.
Subsoil “foundation” waters were encountered during the
working two prospective shafts 4,07 - 7,00 meters under the
ground from the upper surface of the blind areas. Reservoir
material for them is the rubble laying of the foundation platform
of the building through which rain waters are filtered. The
waterproof barriers for them are loams of moraine of the Dnepr
ice-formation. The chemical composition of encountered waters
includes hydro-carbonate-calcium type saturated with ions of
free carbonic acid, which proves that there is a filtration of
water through the laying of the foundation platform.
A minimal meaning of the calculated resistance of the soil was
observed the zone of the strip footing foundation of the western
porch, and maximum meanings - in the zone of the deepest part
of the foundation platform.
Visual examination of the on-the-ground part of the church
disclosed the following:
Split-off of the masonry of the overlapping foundation resulting
in internal vertical cracks of up to 10 mm; tear-off of internal
pilasters of the western overlapping foundation walls and
broken tie-up bricks and occasional insignificant vertical shift of
split-off masonry lines; sloping cracks in side walls of the
western overlapping foundation, proving the uneven setting of
the foundation platform of the central part and the strip footing
foundation of the western wing of the church; vertical through
cracks dividing the church building in the medium-tall zone into
four practically unrelated parts; a vertical crack (scale-off) of
the external wall of chamber of the inter-wall stairs; broken
metallic links under the galleries and along the perimeter of the
church walls at level of the lower part of kokoshniks, and their
complete loss in the western overlapping foundation; layer-type
corrosion of interlinks in the central part of the overlapping
foundation wherein a layer is 15 mm thick; cracks on the lower
surface of the gallery arches and in the zones of stripping of
formwork of the ceiling arch of the western overlapping
foundation; split-off of the masonry, especially in the locks,
arches of the western and central overlapping foundation that is
50 mm deep, and in specific parts - up to 150 mm; defects of
the plaster layer and weathering of the masonry of the external
walls.
Geophysical examinations allowed to see a significantly uneven
masonry (the speed of lengthwise waves in the course of X-
raying reduces two to five times).
Resistance-related characteristics of the brickwork based on the
test results vary from 40 to 60 kilos/cM2.
The Chemical analysis of the links made of steel showed that
the links are made of practically pure steel.
The mechanical boring of the wall masonry in the zones with
abnormally low speed of distribution of lengthwise waves as
determined in accordance with the results of geophysical
examinations showed that the visually observed in the window-
frames split-off of the wall masonry goes through practically all
the wall masonry of the western overlapping foundation, and
such split-off exists both from the internal and external part of
the wall at a depth of up to 450 mm; at the places of split-off in
vertical seams of the masonry the solution has lost its structure,
the connection of the solution with the brick is broken; at a
depth of over 450 mm from the external and internal surfaces of
