CIPA 2003 XIX th International Symposium, 30 September — 04 October, 2003, Antalya, Turkey 
preventing unplanned building and preserving the given texture 
was approved and put to force in 1977. With this plan the future 
land use for the Bosphorus was determined as recreation, 
tourism and housing. This plan rejected any new industrial 
development in the Bosphorus, and proposed that among the 
established ones those that had negative effects on the 
environment should be carried elsewhere. 
Altough this plan initially proposed positive measures for the 
protection of Bosphorus the revisions made on it in 1978 and 
1979 deprived it of these concepts. 
The public interest for Bosphorus gained a potential in the 
course of the rapid building developments that took place after 
1980 and as a result of this the “Bosphorus Building Act” was 
announced in 1983. This act brought strict measures for 
construction in Bosphorus especially on the frontal area (areas 
perceived when viewed from the sea) and prohibited any 
building construction on plots that lay in the residential areas 
but haven’t been built prior to that date and stated the principle 
that these should be regarded and preserved as “green areas”. 
Figure 10. Building activities in bays at 1970’s. 
Figure 11. Building activities in woods at 1990’s. 
5. ANALYTICAL FRAME FOR CULTURAL 
LANDSCAPE 
In order to search the changing process of man-made and 
natural environmental relationships of the cultural landscape of 
Bosphorus, two examples from Asian and Europen sides are 
selected. The groves are searched in terms of historical 
background, plants, buildings, ownership and function. In this 
paper, the past and the present activities of groves are 
examined in order to determine the change over time. 
Yildiz Grove 
Historical Research 
• 
Usage: Private use 
• 
Plants: Cedar (Cedrus), Pine (Pinus), Spruce (Pices), 
Yew (Taxus), Cypress (Cupressus), Juniper 
(Juniperus), Maple (Acer), Oak (Ouercus), False 
Acacia (Robinia), Horse Chestnut (Aesculus) 
• 
Buildings: Yildiz Palace, Cadir Pavilion, Sale Pavilion, 
Malta Pavilion, Chinaware Factory, Barns, 
Existing Conditions 
• 
Usage: Public use 
• 
The owner is now the Municipality of Istanbul. It is 
used as a public park since 1950. 
Continuity and Change 
• 
The existing plant material is rehabilitated and 
preserved with necessary additions. 
• 
Previous private use has changed into public use 
• 
Adaptations and change have been made in the palaces 
and kiosks due to modern living requirements 
Classifying Cultural Activity 
• 
Recreation 
• 
Tourism 
• 
Cultural activities (concert, exhibition etc.) 
• 
Educational activities (some parts of Yildiz Grove is 
owned by Yildiz Technical University for educational 
purposes. 
Fethi Pasa Grove 
Historical Research 
• 
Usage: Private use 
• 
Plants: Oak (Querous), Bay Laurel (Laurus), Mastic 
Tree (Pistachio), Judas Tree (Cercis), Horse Chestnut 
(Aesculus), False Acacia (Robinia), Ash (Fraxinus), 
Yew (Taxus) 
• 
Buildings: Two buildings of traditional wood 
construction 
Existing Conditions 
• 
Usage: Public use 
• 
Through 1960-1980 period the grove was left on its 
own without any maintenance. The Municipality of 
Istanbul renovated it with a maintenance programme 
during 1985-1987. 
Continuity and Change 
• 
The existing plant material is rehabilitated and 
preserved with necessary additions. 
• 
Previous private use has changed into public use 
• 
The two buildings of wooden construction have been 
restored and are now used as a restaurant and a cafe 
Classifying Cultural Activity 
• 
Recreation 
• 
Tourism