252 
5. THE HIGH PRECISION TOPOGRAPHIC 
CONTROL 
To evaluate the altimetric mouvements of the 
foundations and to analyse the altimetric 
deformations between the ground floor and the 
first floor, an high precision levelling network as 
been realised. 68 control poins have been 
distributed along the two floors. The 
measurements have been carried on using of a 
Zeiss Nil level with invar rod. 
To measure the altimetric movements of the cover 
have been decided to use an high precision 
theodolite. An high precision 3D network has been 
measured inside the palace-hall, composed by 5 
control points. These points have been later 
connected to the levelling network. 
From these monuments five control points, placed 
on the central internal arc of the cover have been 
measured only with angular observations. The 
points on the arc have been materialised using 5 
white nails fired on the wood using an expert 
marksman of the Padua police department. This 
was the only way to place the reference mark on 
the internal cover of the Palace ! Unfortunately 
one these reference points after few days felt 
down on the floor of the hall. 
The four reference points have been measured 
several times always with excellent results coming 
from the least squares adjustment of the 
measurements. The accuracy of the altimetric 
determination of these points was always of the 
order of 0.2-0.3 mm. 
The total station used for these measurements 
was the well experienced and well known Wild 
T2000. This was the only method found to analyse 
the altimetric movements of the internal wooden 
structure of the palace. 
Infact it was not possible to install any other 
instruments on the internal structure of the cover 
for the fact that it wasn’t possible to reach the 
wood cover carrying from inside the palace. 
6. FINAL REMARKS 
The experience here described is a new expample 
of integration betweem up to date automatic 
control technology and a classic topographic 
approach. 
The experience of years in historical buildings 
controls have permitted to found new ways to the 
solution of some difficult control problems. The 
control of Palazzo della Ragione can be assumed 
as a valid expample of the need of the growth of a 
measuring culture as often Prof. Cunietti have 
teachen. 
It isn’t enough to be good topographic surveyors 
or good technicians (in the sence of people that 
know well the surveying or meauring methods). It 
Is important, when approaching a new measuring 
problem, not trying to apply a well known standard 
measuring approach but to study the problem, to 
understand its originality and in this way to find the 
best way to approach it, considering all the 
conditions and all the particulars that at a first look 
remain hidden. 
It is the object of our study that contains the 
answer, the way to obtain the best analysis of its 
behaviour, and these answer must meet the 
creativity and experience of the engineers and 
technicians. When this happens new solutions and 
new applications of old and new technologies are 
found and enrich the common knowledge. 
REFERENCES 
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remote sensing, Commission V, ISPRS, Zurich. 
[2] Brumana R., Monti C., Vassena G., 1991: 
"Basilica di San Marco a Venezia: Analisi 
dell'andamento altimetrico del pavimento litico- 
musivo e metodologie di rappresentazione", in 
Bollettino della Sifet, Milano, n. 2, 1991. 
[3] Brumana R., Vassena G., 1992: St. Marcus' 
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[4] Giussani A., Vassena G., 1992: Progetto e 
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1993. 
[6] Giussani A., Vassena G. : “San Carlo Basilica 
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