ti need not to 
The program 
angemann, 
af. Ph. Hartl, 
re hard 
ation, or 
fit the grid 
Adriatic Sea. 
are compared 
i to be 
:h greater 
re with an 
293 K), but 
aarticular to 
as are 
; lower than 
shed in two 
lerived from 
Inly NOAA 9 
a has only 4 
[R Sounder), 
for this 
lure has been 
ichnique by a 
Fisica dell' 
; following 
actual operative sensors or to enlarge the number of 
marine parameters detectable. 
Specific reference of course is made to the active 
microwave sensors on board of N-ROSS, TOPEX and ERS1, 
which promise to open quite new horizons. 
-Image Processing Facility 
For completeness a very short summary of the 
processing facility is given. 
Main facility (general image processing) 
computer 
VAX 785 
PDP 11/24 
PDP 11/24 
PDP 11/23 
main mem. mass mem. display hardcopy 
4 Mbyte 900 Mbyte TRIM 
2 TRIADE MATRIX 
VIZIR 
HEIMANN 
Satellite facility (marine image processing) 
computer main mem. mass mem. display hardcopy 
VAX 750 2 Mbyte 120 Mbyte TRIADE MATRIX 
The satellite facility is housed in an other building 
and connected to the main facility with a fast link. 
The application software is essentially developed 
in-house, except the spider package. It would be 
really a tremendous advantage whenever the European 
Image Processing Community, or atleast the 
Communitarian part of it could find each other and 
arrive at such a level of normalization to render 
software exchange (and user exchange) possible or 
at least a bit less frustrating as it is today. 
IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS AND CAMPAIGNS 
; for CH 4 
vapor 
temperature) 
>n of .3 K. 
:ially to 
ifferences, 
it of 
f during the 
re 
lecessary. 
refers only 
r (20 
:he water 
ling on water 
ice. Actually 
AVHRR images 
Implemented 
i near 
rived from a 
<m stretch of 
partial 
lels, thus 
id TSS. 
Lon, 
sis. 
ì experiment 
ries as an 
ì activity, 
stitute for 
While the JRC is situated rather distant from the sea 
and does not dispose of proper means like ships or 
airplanes, in-situ measurements are only effectuated 
during campaigns, which are organized atleast once a 
year and last regularly one or two weeks. 
The campaigns comprise normally the following 
measurements: 
- biological measurements 
- in-situ optical measurements, underw. and over w. 
- physical measurements 
- chemical measurements 
- in-situ atmospherical measurements 
- airborn sensor data acquisition 
Often the campaigns are organized by the JRC, but 
sometimes the JRC participate in campaigns organized 
by others. 
The most massive campaign organized by the JRC up to 
now was in 1984 (28.8 till 7.9) 
The participating institutions are listed in table 2. 
The JRC organized campaigns are essentially based on 
a concerted action or shared cost, with the JRC 
bearing only the organizational cost and occasionally 
the rent of an airplane or special instrumentation, 
and where the JRC scientists find hospitality on the 
ships or fixed marine platforms of other 
institutions. Every institution is responsible for 
its own means and its own data acquisition and 
elaboration, although a substantial effort is made by 
all to bring the measurements on a common footing. 
Essentially all data is afterwards exchanged between 
the participants. A continous effort is done to get 
more institutions involved, but up to now we have 
only succeeded to interest Italian and German 
institutions, probably due to the distance. 
The JRC organized parties were always centered on 
the North Adriatic Sea, but several times the JRC has 
participated in campaigns outside its regular test 
site, like: 
~ 1980 (29.1-21.2) Benguela current , South Africa 
~ 1983 (10.1-25.1) Atlantic Ocean , Senegal 
- 1986 (5.5-17.5) North Sea , Germany 
TABLE 2 
Institutions participating in the ADRIA 84 Campaign 
Institution 
DFVLR, Oberpfaff 
Univ. Oldenburg 
EREO, Firenze 
Univ. Firenze 
Regione Emilia-F 
ISDGM, Venezia 
IBM, Venezia 
Univ. Venezia 
OGS, Trieste 
Univ. Regensburg 
JRC, Ispra 
platf . 
main measurements 
D 
DO-28 
Bendix,OCR,SCR,PRT5 
D 
LIDAR 
I 
IR scanner, LLtv cam 
I 
Bio/optical 
I 
Daphne 
Current, bio/chem. 
I 
Litus 
Bio., STD, Radiom. 
,1 d 
'Ancona Bio, STD, Radiom 
,1 
Bio/chem. 
,1 
Current 
I 
Atmosph. 
D 
Part, size 
I 
Cessna 
D 
Bio/optical 
I 
DO-28 
Bio/chem/opt., atm. 
OCR =0cean Color Radiometer, 
SCR =Six Channel Radiometer 
PTR5»Precision Radio Thermometer(Barnes), 
STD “Salinity-Temperature-Depth. 
A specific study has established how far 
fluorescence spectrography can be used to determine 
Yellow substance concentrations (Ph.D thesis, 
M.C.Russo, London) 
CHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS 
A substantial part of the major pollutants, like 
heavy metals, are not detectable from distance, 
however when it would be possible to establish a 
relationship between detectable substances, like CHL, 
TSS, sediment and temperature and the adherence of 
heavy metals when present to the particles, it 
would be possible with few in-situ measurements and 
RS maps to establish the spacial distribution of 
heavy metals over large area's. As regularly the 
case, once this investigation was started, the 
problem resulted more complicated as anticipated, but 
the concept looks still promising. 
AIRBORN SENSORS 
Airborn sensors are only flown during campaigns and 
solely considered as an aid to space born sensor 
interpretation and as an addition to in-situ 
measurements, or for sensor development. 
A specific effort is dedicated to the understanding 
of the atmopheric influence, for which in the past 
the MSS Bendix scanner was and in future the Deadalus 
scanner will be flown on different altitudes. 
The associated analitical work together with the 
development of the image processing software is done 
in collaboration with R.Guzzi, Zibordi the Istituto 
per lo Studio delle Metodologie Geofisiche 
Ambientale, CNR. 
THE ADRIATIC SEA MODEL 
Already in the early stages of the CTP activity the 
need was felt for the development of a model as a 
complement to RS data and in-situ data. 
Essentially the model should respond to the following 
needs: 
- Short term (days or weeks). To predict propagation 
of actual pollutants 
- Medium term (months). To predict propagation of 
nutrients and their secondary effects (f.e. 
eutrophication). 
- Long term (years). To predict 
propagation.transformation and sedimentation of 
pollutants and nutrients and their possible 
resuspension. 
For the model development a contract was made with 
the university of Liege, J.C.J.Nihoul, F.Clement. 
The model development was envisaged in the following 
phases: