Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

damen, m. c. j.

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856641294

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: IX Seiten, Seiten 551-956

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A,. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856641294

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,2)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Editor:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission of Photographic and Remote Sensing Data

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 7 Human settlements: Urban surveys, human settlement analysis and archaeology. Chairman: W. G. Collins, Co-chairman: B. C. Forster, Liaison: P. Hofstee

Write comment:: Wegen zu enger Bindung kommt es teilweise im Original zu Textverlust.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: The application of remote sensing to urban bird ecology. L. M. Baines & W. G. Collins

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

ies ities ies ommunities naged) ged) ss il legend is ation exists fs therefore r individual lecessary is communities he basis of iwances being he survey's hotographic checked for d identified frequently bracken. idual legend erpretation he tall herb uracy level was better a result of of the 1981 983. A good 'lace in the terpretation the 1984 rrect. The n 1979 and ■ r of errors using air population successful. entrated on bers, bird ¡rsity using such as area diversity, i woodland vestigate if sed in these techniques can be obtained from air photographs, and therefore, used to predict bird carrying capacity. A bird census was conducted in Saltswells Wood in 1983 by Harrison and Normond. These local ornithologists identified the bird species which were breeding, their numbers and the approximate location of their territories. This field data was used as the control in this analysis. One of the simplist and most common variables used for prediction is area of woodland. This relationship was first suggested by Arrhenius 1921. Woolhouse 1983 and Moore and Hooper 1975 have both conducted studies in British woodlands suggesting a linear relationship between the number of bird species present and the area of woodland. CL ; if) / LL ; O O z AREA Hypothetical species-area curve S=cA z AREA (ha) Species-area curve on a logarithmic scale lnS=clnA z from Woolhouse 1981 FIG 3. The area of the classifed habitat types was the major variable to be investigated. The area information was obtained by using a Hewlett Packard digitizer connected to a BBC micro computer using a digitising program. The first stage was to identiy a list of bird species which were likely to be found breeding in Saltswells wood and relate their nesting and feeding requirements to the classification categories identified. Fifty-seven species commonly found in woodlands of a similar size and found breeding in the West Midland were earmarked. These birds were allocated one or more of the classification categories using the 'Handbook of British Birds' (Witherby et al 1965). For example a Blackbird is likely to be found breeding and feeding in categories 34/43/44/45, that is, in deciduous shrubby habitats. Some bird species are limited to a single category such as the Wood Warbler. This species was only allocated closed deciduous woodland - 31. Other species need areas of woodland and grassland to fulfil all their requirements. The system allowed for this, for example the Common Crow needs 32/33+51/52/53/58, that is, open deciduous woodland for nesting and grassland areas for feeding. As some species have similar requirements 32 habitat patterns were identified for the 57 species. The equations relating bird species numbers to areas of woodland suggested by Woolhouse and Moore and Hooper were investigated. Different habitat combinations and their corresponding area totals were used in these equations to identify which, if any, habitat combination produced a result similar to 27 - the actual number of bird species found breeding in the area by the control study. For results see Table 1. 1 Woolhouse equation = In S = 0.227 In A + 2.632 2 Moore and Hooper equation = In S = 0.271 In A +- 0.26 Where In S = Natural log of the number of species In A = Natural log of area Table l.The relationship between woodland area and the number of bird species. Estimated number of species Area (ha) Eq. 1 *1 Eq. 2 *2 Reserve 40.2 32.2 +5.2 2.1 -24.9 Hab. 31 14.4 25.66 -1.34 1.6 -25.4 Hab. 34 7.0 21.59 -5.4 1.23 -25.7 Hab.31+34 21.4 27.84 + 0.84 1.76 -25.2 Hab. 43,44, 45, 10.65 23.8 -3.2 1.46 -25.5 Hab.31,34, 30.56 +3.56 1.97 -25.0 43,44,45 32.1 * = the difference between the actual number of species,27 and the predicted number. There is a large discrepancy between the number of bird species predicted by the two equations. The Moore and Hooper equation obviously under estimates the number of species expected in this area therefore only the figures produced by the Woolhouse equation were considered. Of the different combinations of habitat units the total area of 31 and 34 provides the most accurate estimate of the number of bird species. Two apparent conclusions can be drawn.

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