intricate instruments such as Sketchmaster, Antiscope and similar pro- 
jection apparatus have only been employed to a limited extent. 
Up to now mapping by aerial photos has been carried out for an area of 
about 3 800 square kilametres of State Forests in Northern Sweden. The 
photographing of about half of the area has been done specially on contract 
to meet the Forest Service mapping requirements. Other local major forest 
owners have participated in these photographing contracts, in order to 
have their areas photographed at reduced cost. For the rest the Forest 
Service has made use of more inexpensive prints of photographs made by 
the Geographical Survey Office for the general mapping of the country. 
After being used for mapping the photos are handed over to the Forest 
Administration. In addition, many districts that will have to wait for years 
before they get new maps have been supplied with standard photoprints, 
sometime in enlargement into 1:10 000, or possibly mosaics and photo 
maps. One range district was photographed on the scale of approximately 
1:60 000 and subsequently a mosaic to the scale of 1:20 000 was built up 
by means of mechanical photo triangulation. Since 1949, photoprints have 
been put into use for a total of 8000 sq. km of State forests in Northern 
Sweden, nearly the half of them in connection with the processing of drawn 
maps. The use of such photos is increasing rapidly. 
In regard to Southern Sweden, aerial photographs do not have the signi- 
ficance they have in Northern Sweden. Resolution on photographs is not 
so good because the forest cover is denser and stands are higher. More- 
over, the stands are small and the forest surveyor has in any case to 
examine all parts of the forest from the ground. Further, the cruising is 
done here simultaneously with mapping. Mapping involves revision of reli- 
able existing drawn maps and causes but a small amount of extra expendi- 
ture. Clearly there is no great advantage to be derived from the use of 
photos. In view of these cireumstances, no photography is undertaken to 
provide for the mapping projects. If suitable photos are available, they are 
purchased and used according to method b described above. In many 
counties there is a new economic map, scale 1: 10 000, which gives property 
boundaries and also reproduces the photo-map on which it is based. This 
map is often employed as a basic map for mapping forest details, its special 
advantage being the accurate representation of property boundaries. In 
the few cases where there is no existing forest map, such as when apprais- 
ing woodland lots offered to the State for purchase, photoprints are utilized 
as far as possible. If a basic map can be obtained, usually in the form of 
a reallotment map, the method used would be something like method ec. 
The total area of State forests mapped in Southern Sweden with the use 
of some kind of photo methods is around 2 000 sq. km. 
The major forest companies 
Management of forests and the administrative set-up of major forest 
companies have many features in common with those of the State Forest 
Service. The personnel is more stable, however, keeping in one position for 
decades or the whole of their active life. Consequently, the forest map is 
not as indispensable in these cases as with the State forests. The map has 
its uses, nevertheless and most of the companies possess drawn maps, very 
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