GV—90 PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING 
Figure 5 shows a partially carved out, all-around portrait, Figure 6 a fully 
carved out portrait with all unnecessary stock cut away to make the portrait 
ready for the finishing operation, and Figure 7 a finished, all-around portrait. 
THE FINISHING OF A CARVED PORTRAIT IN ALL-AROUND 
The carved out portrait is covered with small steps made by the cutter in 
its cutting paths. The deepest corners of these steps indicate the exact position 
of the skin surface of the subject. The finishing consists in shaving away by 
hand all excessive material lying be- 
tween the bottoms of the steps until 
they disappear and a continuous sur- 
face is obtained. The resulting surface 
represents the skin surface of the sub- 
ject. Any small pockets or undercuts, 
not reached by the cutter in its travel, 
must be worked out by hand. 
The various film images of the 
form and expression record, when 
projected on a screen as still pictures, 
help the sculptor when he wants to 
study minor details. 
Modeling the hair in any modeling 
material, adding a base and shoulders 
—if desired—and making a plaster 
cast of the entire unit, finish the por- 
trait in plaster. It can now be used as 
a pattern for a bronze or marble por- 
trait. 
THE SCULPTURED RELIEF PORTRAIT 
What was said in regards to the 
new method of making all-around 
sculptured portraits applies equally 
well to the new method of making 
sculptured reliefs. It eliminates all 
tedious posing, simplifies the sculp- 
  
F1G. 7. A finished all-around portrait. 
tor’s work and gives better likenesses. 
Two steps are once more required for making a relief portrait: making a form 
and expression record and carving out the portrait with the help of the photo- 
graphic record. 
For the all-around portrait the camera with lights and shield move in a 
circle around the subject. The camera unit for the relief portrait moves in a 
straight line towards or away from the subject, and the photographed sections are 
parallel to each other. Only about 200 section pictures are required. With 16 
pictures per second, 13 seconds are required to pose for a relief portrait. 
Figure 8 shows the recording device for making a form and expression 
record for a relief portrait. 
The camera unit is moved forward or backward by a single crank, which 
also operates the camera at the same time. All photographed sections are parallel 
to and the same distance away from each other. 
THE CARVING AND FINISHING OF THE SCULPTURED RELIEF PORTRAIT 
The carving is also done with a carving device which is similar to that shown 
in Figure 4. It has the same pantograph, the same projector and the same