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ate photoreali- 
Arch. Phot. & 
Parodos Walls 
t, Technologi- 
hitectural pho- 
Arch. Phot. & 
New Perspectives for Environmental Archaeological GIS 
Yoshito MIYATSUKA 
MIA: Miyatsuka Institute of Archaeology 
3-8-14, Asabu-cho, Kita-ku, Sapporo city, 001-0045, JAPAN 
Tel/FAX: +81-11-736-5016 
E-mail: sysarch@gol.com 
Com.V/4 
Key Words: Visualization, Pollen Analysis, Reconstruction of archaeological evidences, Vegetation Model, 
Archaeological Landscape, Environmental Archaeology, GIS. 
ABSTRACT: In present time, Archaeology has NO way to present visual reconstruction for ancient evidences. It is clearly clear that 
historical archaeologists have no purpose to appear about the ancient evidences. The other hand environmental archaeologists (they have 
another names for example, paleo-botanists, or paleo-geologists) developed new perspectives about ancient evidences using pollen 
analysis etc., from the bowling samples or the excavation data in archaeological sites. 
Environmental archaeology need new method to appear the real visualization about their new opinions in those problems. It is important 
that joint study between Archaeologists and Photogrammetric engneers will spread the new analysis. Or opinions. 
1. INTRODUCTION 
*What is Environmental Archaeology?e 
It is very important to consider the ancient human activity with 
paleo environmental resources from archaeological sites. These 
archaeological excavations gives many archaeological 
information without archaeological materials or relics, to 
archaeologists, especially Pollen samples from the Pollen 
Analysis are one of the most important data to consider the 
ancient human activities and environment al changes. 
2. RECONSTRACTION for ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA 
2.1 The Flow of processing 
The flow of the study is as follow. The purpose of this study is 
to use the GIS as a database and a presentation tools for the 
archaeologists and Citizens. The integrated data in the GIS will 
be presented as a CG. 3DCG can be effective way to show the 
details of the environment archaeology. 
1.Collecting Materials 
  
2.Reconstraction for Environmental Evidences | 
  
  
|. 3.Mapping the Archaeological Evidence | 
  
  
| 4.Mapping the Vegetation from Pollen Analysis | 
  
  
| 5.Integration Using GIS | 
  
  
| 6.Creating the Reconstruction CG | 
  
Fig.1 
2.2 Reconstruction Environmental Evidences 
At first, we made the base digital map in the area. New 
topographic maps were insufficient for this project because of the 
land management, which took place in the area after World War 
IL, or the old map that was made in 1890's were very useful for 
us to understand old surface information. 
  
Fig 2 CG Based on 1948 pictures 
The topographic map of the old age was generated from the 
American Military's aerial photos taken 1948. Stereo metric 
Pro, Syscom in Italy, was used to generate the contour from the 
stereo aerial photo. Old maps were also used in order to check the 
river traces. One more important factor is the changing of the sea 
level. For example, Yayoi period. Year average temperature 
was 1 degree higher than nowadays, and in Kofun period, it was 
1.5 degrees lower. This shows that the temperature is 2.5 degrees 
different between Yayoi period and Kofun period. When the year 
temperature is 1 degree higher, sea level will be 1.5m higher. 
difference of the underwater level and the river flow is 
considered for generating the topographical maps. 
—419—