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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B4. Istanbul 2004 
  
changes can be manipulated in a reliable and easier way and 
avoids data redundancy. 
GIS is offered new and modern possibilities to forestry 
managers and technicians. Those tasks that were difficult and 
time-consuming to fulfill by traditional techniques began to 
dealt with faster, more reliably and more easily in computer 
environment. Any instutions that claim to innovate their 
system with GIS must take into consideration to system can 
be able to support time dimension. Because temporal data 
offers many advantages and possibilities. To show what 
advantages and possibilities are offered this project were 
completed with existed hardware and software. 
In this project following operations were completed 
successfully; 
e temporal data are entered and edited easily, 
e temporal data are stored nonredundantly, 
* temporal data are displayed and analyzed easily. 
Data redundancies were minimized by the versioning ability 
of database management system used in the project. Through 
this ability new geographic and attribute data line were added 
into database table for only changed geographic object and 
the other data belong to nonchanged object were remained 
fixed. This subject arise an important problem when the 
system covers plenty of forest areas such as Turkey. In 
addition to storage of temporal changes with nonredundancy 
that save large amount of storage capacity, contribution in 
performance of temporal queries and data rollback is 
noteworthy. 
To monitoring temporal changes user-friendly query menu of 
GIS software was used. Thus changes in geographic objects 
could be monitoring and results were displayed as a map and 
table. Temporal queries directed to monitoring changes in 
geographic objects offer not only to make more technical 
forestry applications but also be able to making monetary and 
administrative inspection of these applications faster and 
soundly. In this paper only simple queries directed to 
monitoring stand type changes were illustrated. It is possible 
to differentiate these queries according to needs and obtain 
satisfactory results for technical forestry applications. It was 
demonstrated with this project that it is possible to provide 
answers to the queries such as “What is the growing rate of 
Ckbd3 stands in various silvicultural treatments in Karakôy 
district?”, “What is the growing of Ckbd3 stands in various 
elevation and/or aspect and/or slope in Karakdy Forest Chief 
Unit?” and all other queries related to time. 
In this project it has seen that available temporal data is 
important in terms of match. That is cutting section border 
and numbers in consecutive forest management plans (year 
1964-1983-1995) were not match. These changes have 
created for editing and querying stand inventory data. 
There has not been any drawback from the standpoint of GIS 
functions in this temporal forest information system 
prototype. But it is useful that GIS software has command 
menu for making some operations such as roll-back data for 
entering new changes or committing and discarding these 
temporal changes. There is not any performance problem of 
available hardware and software for entering, manipulating, 
querying, and roll-backing of temporal data. 
5. CONCLUSIONS 
Within the recent years, efforts toward establishing a system 
for managing the forest resources in Turkey have intensified. 
The modern and efficient way to manage forest resources is 
GIS and Turkish system needs to be transformed in that 
direction. For such a transformation, it is important to 
identify requirements carefully and carry out meticulous 
system design. It is also crucial to incorporate the time 
dimension into the system. Thus, it becomes possible to be 
made temporal analysis, which is very important for forestry 
technical applications. Such a system is also capable of 
making monetary and administrative inspection of these 
applications in a reliable and faster way. In this project, it 
was tried to show that it is possible to manipulate temporal 
changes in geographic objects. Because of all the mentioned 
reasons, the system that will be developed needs to include 
time dimension. Otherwise, it is most likely to correct 
mistakes done later on. 
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