004 
ation 
den, 
Map 
from 
erent 
ject 
imed 
new 
ADE. 
se of 
rmed 
from 
"tion, 
earch and 
Js on the 
'esearchers 
2001; Lee, 
(2002) and 
ization 
1999), 
, 1995) 
ization 
alidate 
h will 
ization 
1ses on 
tors as 
31S 8,3 
ftware 
2 from 
ar scale 
upports 
ic map 
vides a 
ization, 
a is to 
les and 
oducts. 
support 
objects 
Ficult to 
scales 
; model 
er scale 
x. Land 
ia, and 
Iti-scale 
develop 
ts from 
GA's 
j au à 
sis for 
vels of 
ht both 
er scale 
;. These 
pes and 
how t0 
) merge, 
efficient 
ed ( Lee, 
a set ol 
fication. 
  
  
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B4. Istanbul 2004 . 
aggregation, displacement and so on. These tools will be 
available as Component Object Model (COM) Objects for 
Users to access, but they are also making them available as 
batch functions within GeoProcessing modules, and will 
implement them as interactive editing tools. The 
GeoProcessing module will have a ModelBuilder, which 
allows the user to chain a number of steps together and 
process them in a logical sequence. This will help users to 
model and fine-tune the generalization process. It should be 
noted that all the above developments and improvements 
will not be possible without a close co-operation between 
universities, map producers, GIS software vendors and 
NMAs. 
7.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
We would like to thank Dr Dan Lee of ESRI Redlands, USA, and 
Professor Graeme Wright of Department of Spatial Sciences, Curtin 
University of Technology, Australia, for valuable comments on the 
topic of generalizations. 
8.0 REFERENCES 
Arnold, L., and G. Wright, 2003. Analysing product-specific 
behaviou to support process dependent updates in a dynamic spatial 
updating model. Proceedings of the Spatial Sciences Conference 
2003, September, Canberra, Australia, pp. 1-10. 
Baelia, B., M. Pla, and D. Lee, 1995. Digital map generalization in 
practice. Proceedings of ICA Workshop on Progress in Automated 
Map Generalization, Barcelona, pp. 1-5. 
Barrault, M., 1995, An automated system for linear feature name 
placement which complies with cartographic quality criteria. 
Autocarto 12 in Charlotte, NC, ACSM/ASPRS, pp. 321-330. 
Badler M., and M. Barrault 2000. Improving snakes for linear feature 
displacement in cartographic generalization. Geocomputation 2000, 
pp. 1-14. 
Brassel, K., and Weibel, R., 1998. A review and conceptual 
framework of automated map generalization. International Journal of 
Geographic Information Systems, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 229-224. 
Brooks, R., 2001. A seat of the pants displacement operator. 
Computational Cartography and Spatial Modelling. Natural 
Resources Canada and Carlton University, Ottawa, Ontario, May 
2001, Canada, pp. 1-30. 
Brooks, R., 2000. Two birds with one stone: Constructing national 
framework data for the global map. Proceedings of Global Mapping 
Forum 2000, Hiroshima, Japan, November 2000, pp. I-11. 
Costello, S., Broers R., and Swift, A., 2001. Helping the global 
community to resolve global problems through spatial information: 
AUSLIG's contribution to the Global Map project. Proceedings of 
the AURISA 2001 - the 29th Annual Conference of AURISA, Grand 
Hyatt, Melbourne, VIC, 19-23 November 2001, pp. 1-11. 
Cecconi A., R. Weibel and M. Barrault 2000. Improving automated 
generalization for on demand web mapping by multi-scale databases. 
Proceedings of joint international symposium on geospatial theory, 
processing and application, ISPRS, Ottawa, Canada, 2002, pp. 1-9. 
Davis, A. C., and A. H. F. Laender. 1999. Multiple representations in 
GIS: Materialization through map generalization, geometric and 
spatial data analysis operations. ACM GIS, Kansas City, MO, USA, 
pp. 60-65. 
Duda, R. and Hart, P., 1973. Pattern classification and scene analysis. 
New York. Wiley and Sons, Inc. 
Douglas, d. H. and Peucker, T. K., 1973. Algorithms for the 
reduction of the number of points required to represent a digitized 
line or its caricature. Canadian Cartographer, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 112- 
195. 
Forghani, A., Reddy R. and Smith G., 2003. Evaluating SPOT-5 
satellite imagery for national mapping division’s topographie 
Mapping programs. Proceedings of the Spatial Sciences Conference 
2003, September, Canberra, Australia, pp. 1-12. 
Forghani, A., 2000. Semi-automatic detection and enhancement of 
linear features to update GIS files. Proceedings of the XIXth ISPRS 
Congress, July 2000, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp. 1-8. 
Gross, J and Yellen, J 1999. Graph theory and its application. CRC 
-press, London. 
1225 
Holland, P., O'Donnell, I. and Nairn A., 2003. The database 
revolution. Position Magazine, April 2003, edited by J. Fairall, pp. 
40-42. 
Haire, L., 2001. An optimization approach to  cartography 
generalization. Doctoral Thesis, Department of Surveying, Lund 
Institute of Technology, Lund University, Sweden. 
Iwanak, A, and Paluszynski, W., 2001. Generalization of topographic 
maps of urban areas. Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, 
Wroclaw Academy of Agriculture, Wroclaw, Poland. 
Jiang B. and Claramunt C., 2002. A structural approach to model 
generalisation of an urban street network, Proceedings of the 
4thAGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science, 24-27 
April, Mallorca, Spain, pp.205-217. 
Joao, E. M., 1998. The algorithmic approach in Causes and 
Consequences of Map Generalization, Taylor & Francis Ltd, pp. 10- 
13; 
Kazemi, F., 2003. A generalization framework to derive multi-scale 
GEODATA. Proceedings of the Spatial Sciences Conference 2003, 
September, Canberra, Australia, pp. 1-12. 
Kilpelainen, T., 1997. Multiple representation and generalization of 
geo-databases for topographic maps. Doctorate thesis, publications of 
the finish geodetic Institute. No124. 
Kreveld, M. C. 2001. Smooth generalization for continuous 
zooming. Proceedings of 20th international cartographic conferences, 
Beijing, China. 
Kreveld, M. V., and Peschier, J, 1998. On the Automated 
Generalization of Road Network Maps. 
WWW diveom.otago.ac.nz/SIRC/GeoComp/GeoComp98/2 l/ge 21.ht 
m. 
Lee, D., 2002 and 2003. Personal communication. ESRI, Redlands, 
USA. . 
Lee, D., 1993. Knowledge acquisitation of digital cartographic 
generalization. Proceedings of EGIS, pp. 1-12. 
Lee, D., 2003. Generalization within a geoprocessing framework. 
Proceedings of the GEOPRO 2003 Workshop, Mexico City, 
November 2003, pp. 1-10. 
Limeng, L., Lixin, W., 2001. Map generalization from scale of 1:500 
000 to 1:2 500 000. Proceedings of the 20th International 
Cartography Conference, August 6-10, Beijing, China. 
Lemarie, C., (2004). Generalisation process for Top100: research in 
generalisation brought to fruition. www.LaserScan.com. 
Lonergan, M., and Jones, B. 2001. An interactive displacement 
method for conflict resolution in map generalization. Algorithmica 
Vol. 30, pp. 287-301. 
McKeown ,D., McMahill, J., and Caldwell, D. 1999. The use of 
spatial context in linear feature simplification. Geo computation. 
www.geovista.psu.edu/sites/geocomp99/gc99/02/gc 020.htm. 
McMaster, R. B., and K.S. Shea, 1992. Vector-based generalization 
in generalization in digital cartography (Washington D.C.: 
Association of American Geographers, pp. 71-98. 
McMaster, R. B., 2001. Measurement in generalization. Proceedings 
of the 20th international cartography conference; August 6-10, 
Beijing, China, pp. pp 2082. 
McMaster, R. B. and Shea, S., 1992.. Generalization in digital 
cartography. American Association of Geographers, Washington. 
McMaster, R. B., Shea, S., 1989. Cartographic generalization in a 
digital environment. when and how to generalize. Proceedings, 9th 
International Symposium on Computer-Assisted Cartography. pp.56- 
67. 
Meng, L., 1997. An in-depth investigation on the long lasting 
problem of cartographic generalization. Technical Report, Swedish 
Armed Force, VEB Viak, May 1997, pp. 1-75. 
Monmonier M. S., and R. B. McMaster, 1991. The sequential effects 
of the geometric operators in cartographic line generalization. 
International yearbook of cartography. 
Muller, Jean-Claude, Jean-Philipe Lagrange and Robert Weibel, 
Editors. 1995. GIS and Generalization: Methodologv and 
Practice. Taylor & Francis. 0-7484-0319-1. 
Muller, J. C., 1995, GIS and generalization. Taylor & Francis. 
Nakos, B., 1999, Comparison of manual versus digital line 
generalization. Proceedings of the Workshop on Generalization, 
Ottawa, Canada August 12-14, 1999 
Oosterom, P.V., 1995. The GAP-tree, an approach to 'on-the-fly' map 
generalization of an area partitioning. GIS and generalization -