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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B4. Istanbul 2004 
  
ISO 19132 Location based services possible standards: 
This Stage O report will investigate the need for the 
following LBS standards: Format for the expressions 
of location (including orientation), Coordinates, 
Addresses, Route "mile markers"; Format for the 
expression of routes, Segment sequences and Turning 
instructions; Formats and rules for the expression of 
navigational "commands"; Format for the expression of 
choice by clients of forms of commands, potentially 
expression of personal preferences; Format for the 
expression of traffic conditions; Format for the transfer 
between client and servers of request and responses for 
each of the above applications. The scope will include 
the consideration of both local (server side) and client 
aspects of cultural and linguistic adaptability. 
ISO 19133 Location based services tracking and 
navigation: It will specify 'web' based services in 
support of (mobile) clients that will enable: Route 
finding or traversal (navigation) between two targets; 
Route as conditions along the route, or nearby alternate 
routes change; Route Instruction traversal; ability to 
synchronize the target's position through its network; to 
allow scrolling through route commands as appropriate. 
How to maintain a tracking database in support of this 
application, including conditions along potential routes 
such as Traffic Monitoring 
ISO 19134 Multimode location based services for 
routing and navigation: It will specify: Route finding or 
navigation between two targets using two or more 
modes of transportation, i.e. finding the most desirable 
route from an origin to a destination using various 
available modes of transportation; and calculating a set 
of procedural "navigation decisions" or route following 
commands that will execute that route on a single 
network or on multimode networks. 
ISO 19135 Procedures for registration of geographical 
information items: The development of a single 
standard or multi-part standard, which specifies 
procedures to be followed in preparing, maintaining, 
and publishing a register or registers of unique 
unambiguous and permanent identifiers, and meanings 
that, under the direction of ISO/TC 211, are assigned to 
geographic information items. 
ISO 19136 Geography Markup Language (GML): The 
Geography Markup Language (GML) is an. XML 
encoding in compliance with ISO 19118 for the 
transport and storage of geographic information 
modeled according to the conceptual modeling 
framework used in the ISO 19100 series and including 
both the spatial and  non-spatial properties of 
geographic features. This specification defines the 
XML Schema syntax, mechanisms, and conventions 
127 
that provide an open, vendor-neutral framework for the 
definition of geospatial application schemas and 
objects; Allow profiles that support proper subsets of 
GML framework descriptive capabilities; Support the 
description of geospatial application schemas for 
specialized domains and information communities; 
Enable the creation and maintenance of linked 
geographic application schemas and datasets; Support 
the storage and transport of application schemas and 
data sets; and Increase the ability of organizations to 
share geographic application schemas and the 
information they describe. Implementers may decide to 
store geographic application schemas and information 
in GML, or they may decide to convert from some 
other storage format on demand and use GML only for 
schema and data transport. 
ISO 19137 Generally used profiles of the spatial 
schema and of similar important other schemes: 
Develop a set of profiles of the spatial schema to 
provide a minimal set of geometric elements necessary 
for an efficient creation of application schemata. 
These profiles will include components from ISO 
19107 Spatial schema, ISO 19108 Temporal schema, 
[SO 19109 Rules for application schema development, 
ISO 19111 Spatial referencing by coordinates and shall 
clarify the corresponding encoding rules in ISO 19118 
Encoding. The profiles shall support many of the 
spatial data formats and description languages already 
developed and in broad use within a group of nations or 
liaison organizations. 
[SO 19138 Data quality measures: This Technical 
Specification will define a set of measures for the data 
quality sub-elements identified in ISO 19113 
Geographic information - Quality principles. A registry 
of data quality measures will be established, to include 
for each measure, an identifier and a code. The 
measures will be applicable when evaluating the 
quality of geographic datasets and assessing their 
fitness for their intended purpose. Multiple measures 
will be defined for each data quality sub-element, and 
the choice of which to use will depend on the type of 
the data and its intended purpose. 
ISO 19139 Metadata - Implementation specification: 
This. technical specification will define a UML 
implementation model that is based on the ISO 19115 
abstract UML model. This specification and the 
associated implementation model will be used in 
conjunction with an XML schema that will also be 
defined in this document to describe digital geographic 
datasets. The implementation described in this 
document can also be used to describe many other 
forms of geographic data such as maps, charts and