International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B4. Istanbul 2004
1.2.2 Trend of standardization in Japan
Japan has established ISO / TC211 national committee is
formulating JIS standard as the national standard when the
standard of ISO / TC221 is materialized as the national standard.
At present, a part of JIS standards and JIS drafts has been
completed, and therefore, JSGI which has been made by t the
joint research of Geographical Survey Institute of Ministry of
Land, Infrastructure and Transport and private sector is used
presently. JSGI is almost conforming to the standards of ISO /
TOUT.
Table 1. Structure of JSGI
Spatial referencing by
geographic identifiers
Metadata
XI Encoding
Methodology for feature
cataloguing
Spatial schema
Temporal schema
Rules for application schema
Quality principle
Quality evaluation procedure Li Portrayal
Spatial referencing by coordinates |X.. Data product specifications
The “GIS Action Program 2002 — 2005” has been expedited in
Japan for the purpose to promote GIS and its standardization.
This is an action plan for the arrangement and dissemination of
GIS decided by the liaison council of governmental agencies
relating to geographical information system consisting of many
governmental agencies. In this plan, geographical information
standard or JIS is specified as the “technical standard of
government” for the method of data exchange. Administrative
agencies of Japan are required to follow this standard when they
prepare the spatial data. .
2. APPLICATION TO DATA PRODUCT
SPECIFICATIONS
In this Chapter, we will introduce a case of determination of
data product specifications based on the geographical
information standard raking up as an example the “data product
specifications for the management of road facilities" made at a
certain National Road Office to use it for the road management
operation. Employment of standard is important in the
utilization of information for administrative works to maintain
its public nature.
2.1 Structure of data product specifications
Figure 2 shows the structure of data product specifications
conforming to the geographical information standard. The data
product specifications are composed of application schema
which is the design drawing of data, spatial attributes, spatial
schema that defines the temporal attributes, temporal schema,
spatial referencing by coordinates that defines the coordinates
cuire a metadata and encoding specifications.
Application Schema
g -
' |Data
Product spatial reference system |
Specification “4 Quality requirement,
Quality evaluation procedure
Spatial/ Temporal Schema
Metadata
Encoding rule
Figure 2. Structure of data product specifications
2.2 Procedures to make the data product specifications
As shown in Figure 3, the data product specifications are made
by the procedures of extraction of data items, design of
application schema, discussion of quality and method to
evaluate the quality, other coordinates referencing system and
encoding specifications.
| Extraction of data items
of application
|
Discussion of coordinates Y
referencing system Discussion of quality
Y and method to
f : : evaluate the quality
[ Discussion of metadata ]
|
[ Pos of te]
Design
schema
specifications
Figure 3. Procedures to make the data product specification
2.3 Extraction of data items and design of application
schema
The most important works in making the data product
specifications are the extraction of data items and design of
application schema.
2.3.1 Extraction of data items
In this section, we describe the method to extract the data items.
In this example, we investigated and analyzed at what scene,
using what type of materials and how the data items pursuant to
the divisions engaged in the road management operation were
used. As a result, it became clear that the data relating to road
operations could be systematized by the conceptual model as
shown in Figure 4. In addition, we constructed the logical
model for the road facilities and extracted the data items
necessary for the road business operation.
As stated in the above, it is important to extract the data items
taking into account the usefulness for the purpose of business
operation.
Conceptual model —- RR ES
|___ Business management information __|
‘Investigation Design Maintenance
‚plan ‚execution , management
Logical model
9 se PARS e
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e Boda pet Road facilities HY. i
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3 55
= 2 |
ZH 2 |
o = |
Q |
3 77 |
9, unam f i
2 Z7 4 — 7 “Situation around'the road |
Road management information
Figure 4: Model of road management information
278
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