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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B4. Istanbul 2004
designing process of TUTGA densification. Thereafter only the
new collected information might be integrated with the existing
information.
The new datum and coordinate system of Turkey is the datum
and coordinates system of TUTGA. Especially in remote
sensing applications in order to orient and scale images remote
sensing people use hand held GPS or small scale maps such as
1:25000 scales in Turkey. As is very well known that
achievement of most accurate coordinate of using hand held
GPS is about 10 to 15 meters and of using small scale is about
10 to 20 meters.
More over using hand held GPS provide the coordinates on
WGS84 datum which is not used in Turkey and small scale
maps based on ED$0 datum which has deformation and
distortion problems. Therefore in that case whichever accurate
images are used orientation and scaling of an image can only be
successful within 10s of meters range. However surveying
profession discusses on using high resolution remote sensing
images for large scale and even for cadastral applications,
today. Therefore geodetic infrastructure of Turkey should be
well understood and whichever type of work carried out is
primarily designed based on TUTGA.
4. RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
SUFFICIENCY OF GEODETIC INFRASTRUCTURE
FOR GIS, GPS, PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND
REMOTE SENSING
Remote Sensing, Photogrammetry and GPS might be counted
as latest and fastest data collection technologies for GIS today.
However both Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry need
support of GPS or similar or conventional geodetic positioning
technology for locating, orienting and scaling the images.
Therefore they might be mentioned as indirect geo-data
collection technologies. In that case their integration with
geodetic infrastructure can be realised using GPS or terrestrial
positioning techniques.
There are recently two types of geodetic infrastructure called as
TUTGA and National Geodetic Network in Turkey. So, both
Remote Sensing and Photogrammetric works should be
connected one of them or both. These two geodetic
infrastructures are transformable each other in several meter
level precession. However their transformability is better (S to
15 cm level) in some region such as istanbul, izmir, Zonguldak,
Sakarya and etc. because of densification networks of TUTGA.
These precise transformation parameters can be obtained from
local governmental organisations and — municipalities.
Especially for these regions there might be no problem using
geodetic infrastructure for any kind of Remote Sensing and
Photogrammetric applications. In other words geodetic
infrastructure for these regions will fit all the requirements of
Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry technology.
However for small scale applications of Remote Sensing and
Photogrammetry TUTGA will compensate all most all
expectations from a geodetic infrastructure. As is previously
mentioned TUTGA is a modern geodetic network in 4D. The
only short of TUTGA is its dense. However, today all most all
remote sensing images and technologies are used for small scale
applications. In that case it might be correct to mention that
TUTGA is sufficient for small scale remote sensing and
photogrammetric applications. However for large scale
applications it needs to be condensed and its precisely
313
transformable connections with all existing geodetic networks
must be formed.
As a result the geodetic infrastructure of Turkey is sufficient for
all type of small scale Remote Sensing and GIS applications
today and it needs to be condensed for large scale
Photogrammetric, Remote Sensing and GPS and GIS
applications.
5. REFERENCES
Aksoy A, Ayan T, Celik R N, Demirel H, Deniz R, Gürkan O,
1999. giincel Gelismeler Isiginda Mekansal Bilgi Sistemleri igin
Jeodezik Altyap1 ve Problemler, TMMOB Harita ve Kadastro
Mühendisleri Odas1 Istanbul Subesi, Egitim Dizisi 2
Aliomanoëlu S, 2002. Deprem Sonrasi Jeodezik Altyapi
Hasarlarinin incelenmesi, ITÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Dotora
Tezi, Mayis 2002
Aliosmanoëlu C, Çelik R N, 2002. Depremler Nedeniyle
Olusan Jeodezik Altyapi Hasarlarmnm Büyük Olçekli Harita
Caligmalarina — Etkisi, Selçuk — Üniversitesi Jeodezi ve
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Altiner Y, Ayan T, Deniz R, Celik R N, Ergun M, Kahveci M,
Lenk O, Ocak M, Salk M, Seeger H, Tiirkezer A, 1999. GPS
Measurements in Turkey From 1990 to 1997, Third Turkish-
German Joint Geodetic Days, 1-4Haziran 1999, istanbul
Anonim, 2002. Türkiye Ulusal Temel GPS Agi 1999A Teknik
Raporu, Harita Dergisi, Ózel Sayi:16, Mayis 2002, ISSN 1300-
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Ayan T, Deniz R, Gürkan O, Oztürk E, Celik R N, 2003.
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Iznik
Ayan T, Aksoy A, Deniz R, Arslan E, Celik RN, Ózsamh C,
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(IGNA) Teknik Rapor, istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Ingaat
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[znik
