nbul 2004 
mensional 
pose. The 
n (Figure 
saturation 
axes). 
ed | | 
ED 
  
  
cmn M 
and m2 
using the 
the RGB 
w R'G'B' 
enhanced 
saturation 
  
  
de) 
ent 
> AND 
equire two 
'd together 
ig the high 
n and the 
hem to use 
details. 
strate this 
e-corrected 
Cement of 
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B4. Istanbul 2004 
(2) enhanced panchromatic plus the haze-corrected 
multispectral. 
The various steps for integrating the panchromatic and 
multispectral images were described above. These were 
followed by the normalization of bands and their 
combination. 
7. NORMALIZATION AND COMBINATION OF 
BANDS 
Knowing that intensity I (photon count) depends mostly on 
external factors, such as sun angles, surface orientation, 
shadow, band normalization was used which splits the 
intensity and reflectance(s) for proper feature extraction. This 
was carried out by dividing the intensity of the panchromatic 
band by the sum of intensities of the three bands of the 
multispectral for each image element (resampled to 10 m 
scene element). 
Ip/Id x scaling factor, 
Ip is the intensity of panchromatic and Id is R+G+B= sum 
norm 
First, for all image elements the sum of bands (R, G, B) 
which represents the total photon count (intensity) was 
calculated and the result was merged with the enhanced 
panchromatic image to get the ratio. The final step was to 
merge the ratio result and the enhanced multispectral image. 
Figure 7 shows the result. 
  
Figure 7. Combination of enhanced panchromatic and 
multispectral with saturation enhancement 
Another test was carried out by merging the enhanced 
panchromatic image with the non-enhanced (original) 
multispectral image. 
8. CONCLUSIONS 
The products were shown to more than 30 persons, including 
specialists in various carth science and mapping disciplines. 
Their reactions were positive to the combination of the en- 
hanced panchromatic and the saturated enhanced bands of the 
multispectral data. It seems likely that this result could be a 
751 
multipurpose image- map. 
If it is used as a background of an image- map, it will be 
incomplete without indication of other information, such as 
utilities, names, administrative boundaries, etc. Annotation is 
therefore needed. 
  
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