bul 2004 
a were 
1997- 
tional 
local 
| 42.12 
nate 
& Greater 
8 Equal 
L1 Smaller 
[1 Grealer 
Eq | 
= Smaller 
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B4. Istanbul 2004 
  
5.4 — Influences of the project on the population 
The reduction of agricultural incomes affected households and 
the number of children attending schools decreased as shown 
on graph 7 and 8. This is very dangerous in the rural zone 
where the population revenues are link to agriculture. 
Figure 7: Primary shool attendance in three 
affected villages 
  
  
  
  
te 
© 
5 i —$9— Kouambo 
5 300 m 5 s" | 8 Bidjouka 
E | ;7X— Makouré 
Z 200 | e Tota 
  
  
  
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 
Different years 
The agricultural incomes enable these households to pay 
hospital expenses and to purchase their drugs in pharmacies. 
The graphs show that, the number of patients attending health 
centres has increased between 1995 — 1997 and decreased 
between 1998 — 2002. We can say that between 1998-1999, 
households were exposed to illnesses and after that time, they 
were conscious of their health states and could have adjusted to 
the new situation, reviewing their methods of care, 
emphasising traditional practices of care which are common in 
that zone. It doesn't changes anything on their state of poverty. 
Otherwise the increase of the price of cocoa in the international 
market between 1998-1999 could have contributed slightly to 
the improvement of their situation 
Figure 8: Atendance in Bipindi High School 
  
300 
2 250 
200 
z 150 
& 5) 
  
mb 
Xx Effectifs 
Is 
upi 
  
  
  
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 
Dirrerent Years 
809 
  
  
  
    
  
Figure 9: Hospital attendance in affected 
villages 
1600 TT 
gp 1400 [X —— — ——— A 
© metier) —$— Bande wouri 
'& 1000 MN | —#- Grand Zambi 
> 800 |-= X ULM - | *- Bipindi 
= 600 x1 Bidjouka 
E 400 | eER Average 
Z 200 unl 
0 | 
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 
Different Years 
  
  
  
6. DISCUSSIONS 
Our zones of investigation belong to the tropical rain forest. 
Agricultural sustainability and judicious use of soil and water 
resources in the humid tropics are major global issues of 
modern times because of the interplay among human 
population, socio-economic and political factors, and natural 
resources of the fragile ecoregion. Mismanagement of soil 
resources and inefficient, resource-based agricultural systems 
are causing serious degradation of the ecoregion and 
perpetuating food deficit, malnutrition, and poor standard of 
living. Large spaces of green forest are devastated, impairing 
agricultural ability (2). If improved scientific methods of forest 
conversion, land uses and agricultural systems are not adopted 
in the near future, gross disturbances of the affected areas can 
lead to irreversible degradation of soil and the environment (3). 
The consequence of lack of agricultural sustainability is 
poverty. The human poverty approach focuses on a lack of 
access to education, income, and longevity. 
The state of poverty was indicated by the low attendance in 
schools and hospitals in the affected villages. This is closely 
related to the social exclusion and participatory approaches. 
The social exclusion approach focuses on the lack of resources 
required to participate in activities and enjoy living standards 
that are customary or widely accepted in a society. The 
participatory approach looks for local definitions and 
perceptions of poverty and often serves to broaden the social 
exclusion approach by identifying exclusion concepts that have 
evolved in the community in question (4).