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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B4. Istanbul 2004 
makes possible) to get answer to the map readers' question 
"What's there" — this way achieving the aims of IAU mentioned 
above, but extending the target audience to non professionals. 
[n this paper I will discuss this topic in detail. 
MOON: A FIRST TEST MAP 
A new map of the Moon (fig. 2.) has been produced based on 
the multilingual series’ lunar map, and was used as test map, 
with names that were uniformly transformed to Hungarian: the 
specifics were all retained while the generics were all translated. 
This way we have tried to use transformation rules that has no 
exceptions, in order to produce a nomenclature from which the 
originals can be easily re-established. It was shown to amateur 
astronomers who use lunar names on a daily basis in their 
observation work. The results were negative, in two ways: one 
part of the group disliked the translation, saying that we should 
have used the traditional forms (Kárpátok instead of Carpatus- 
hegység), while the other part of the group argued that both 
Latin and Hungarian (endo/exo/nym) should be used, but the 
form that has no tradition, should be avoided. So we tried to 
keep as many as possible from the Latin forms, but also keeping 
the widely used traditionally translated or endonym forms. A 
  
compromise would be to use the standardized translation of 
Montes (hegység) plus the Hungarian exo(endo)nym of the 
Carpathians (Kárpátok), together: Kárpátok-hegység, thus 
making difference between the terrestrial and extraterrestrial 
feature (in the former no generic is used). 
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Fig. 1. Multilingual map of the Moon supported by ICA 
Commission on Planetary Cartography. (Hargitai, 2003.) The 
large features are written in large letters in its IAU (Latin) form, 
and are translated to six other languages (traditional use) in 
smaller letters. The map is also multiscriptual, since Russian 
spacecraft and crater names are written in Cyrillic letters (most 
readers in the target audience can read them). Smaller features 
has not been translated. The map is intended to be used in the 
Central European countries. 
  
859 
  
  
  
Fig. 2. The test map of the Moon (Fóldrajzi Világatlasz, 2003), 
based on the map shown above. Here the local exonym is shown 
in large letters, while the TAU Latin form is in smaller ones. The 
names of features other then Mare or Palus are only shown in an 
experimental standardized way, e.g. the specific part always the 
same as in IAU, but the generic part is always translated. This 
method appeared to be unsatisfactory for astronomers in the 
case of those features that already has traditionally used 
exonyms (Carpatus Montes: Kárpátok), but works with oher 
features. All originally Cyrillic written names are transcribed to 
Hungarian according to the rules of the Hungarian Academy of 
Sciences, while the widely used Greek personal names are also 
transcribed according to these rules — the less known names are 
kept in their Latinized IAU form. 
Changes in the nomenclature As place names of Earth 
changes, because of history, place names change on other 
planets, too — because of standardization, history and — more 
importantly — scientific considerations. Planetary nomenclature 
has been cleared and standardized by IAU. During the 
discovery (mapping) of a celestial body, new names (naming 
rules) and — if needed — terms are created (2005: Titan is 
expected to go through this process). If a more detailed image 
shows that a feature was misinterpreted, its generic element is 
changed (example: Anala Corona -> Anala Mons) Other 
features’ names are dropped because they turned out to be only 
part of an other feature or to be not existent in the revision of 
the images. We are aware of the fact that not only the names, 
but also the methods of transforming geographical names 
change in time or there can be parallel schools which use 
different methods, as it is the case in Hungary. Now it seems to 
us that there is a need for “Hungarian-sounding” names in 
contrast to “alien-sounding” ones but this might be only the 
latest (or local) fashion we live in, even if we can argue for the 
using of this method. 
Case study - Hungary. In Hungary, the rules for how to write 
planetary feature names are not established. For major planetary 
bodies, the previous chaos was cleared by the rules that stated 
that planet names should be written according to their 
pronunciation, which corresponds to their Greek forms’ 
transcription (Saturn->Szaturnusz). However, there was no rules 
set for minor planets and planetary features names. Now names 
of minor planets are written in the official IAU form, i.e. in the 
Latinized form. This paper does not discuss minor planet 
names, only planetary features names. 
MARS: A SECOND TEST MAP 
Ve have produced a second test map, using the topographic 
map of Mars. We have given to versions of this map to students: