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3, Of what Importance are the Developments of Instrument 
► Technique for Cartography and Photogrammetry* ? 
On maps and map-like representations information is represented 
that refers to a more or less precisely determined location in 
physical space. We .therefore speak of space-related information. 
The 
gaining 
of such space-related information usually re 
quires (in addition to a general measuring theory and special 
operational modes) suitable equipment for the 
- recording 
- processing 
evaluating 
of photographic and digital image recordings taken from fly 
ing air or spacecrafts. As is well known, the first instrument 
suitable for photogrammetric purposes was developed in 1859 by 
the Frenchman A. LAUSEDAT whom we can at the same time con 
sider the founder of photogrammetry. The present stage of de 
velopment of instrument technique in photogrammetry can be out 
lined as follows: 
o by means of photography, a (direct) image recording is pos 
sible in the wavelength range of 
ax z 0,4 jim ... 0,9* nm 
o by means of scanning and corresponding detectors and re 
ceiving antennas respectively, an (indirect) image record 
ing is possible in the wavelength range of 
AX z 0,4 iim ... 1 m and more 
o the smallest mean coordinate measuring error in photo 
grammetric precision measuring instruments amounts to 
m^ ~ + 2 nm