58 
3 REDUCTION OF DIMENSION FOR THEMATIC MAPPER DATA 
Six bands except a thermal band of TM 6 may be used 
for land cover classification. For visual inter 
pretation of image and histogram planes, the dimen 
sion should be reduced to three modes as follows. 
1) Selected three bands 
A combination of band 1,4 and 5 was selected 
because it showed the maximum determinant of variance 
covariance matrix. 
2) Principal components 
First, second and third components were utilized 
with the cumulative contribution of 95 %. 
3) HSI elements 
Hue, saturation and intensity are obtained by 
a transform of six bands. 
Image plane is generated by assigning red, green 
and blue colors to the above three selected or 
transformed components. Two dimensional histogram 
plane can be generated to select two of three. 
From the result of experiment, HSI elements were 
the best for visual interpretation. 
4 PROCEDURES OF MAN-MACHINE CLASSIFICATION FOR 
LAND COVER MAPPING 
Step 1: 
Step 2: 
Step 3: 
Step 4: 
Step 5: 
generate an image on a graphic display with 
use of HSI elements 
also generate the corresponding histogram 
on another graphic display 
locate a map on a tablet digitizer and 
establish geometric transform between 
image and map, 
classify the peaks portions in the histo 
gram by checking the corresponding image 
classify the rest with use of three planes 
of image, histogram and map planes 
Some areas in an image plane can be categorized 
manually by using free cursor on the image or on 
the digitizer. Some areas in an map can be also 
assigned and classified into a certain class. 
Figure 2 An example of Histogram plane 
(a) Assignment of polygon in histogram plane 
(b) The corresponding image file 
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Figure 2 shows a histogram plane and a map plane. 
Figure 3 shows an example of assignment of polygon 
in a histogram plane and the corresponding image 
in red color ( original is color ). 
5 ADVANTAGES OF MAN-MACHINE CLASSIFICATION AS 
COMPARED WITH MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD METHOD 
Both of man-machine classification technique and the 
conventional maximum likelihood method were applied 
to a test area in Tokyo Bay Area with use of TM 
data taken on January 23, 1985. 
As compared with the result from the maximum likeli 
hood method, the following advantages were pointed 
out. 
1) To able to obtain ground truth data in a real 
time and to train them for classification in a 
real time, 
2) to be able to learn or consider the spectral 
characteristics by intercorrelating the image and 
the histogram plane, 
3) to be able to set up the priority of classes 
to be classified 
and 
4) to be able to give the known geographic infor 
mation from the existing map. 
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