61 
¡metric proces- 
. The latter ac- 
when orthopho- 
photomaps are 
Loguephotogram- 
fsis of the se- 
fcore influen- 
э remote een- 
Dartography on 
bital photo-ex 
photographs 
£F-6 earners du- 
commander V.F. 
V. Aksyonov, 15- 
s stated in se- 
978, Новаковский, 
ge,1982) the 
arities of the 
ssibilities for 
graphy (especi- 
photoimages and 
purposes. 
practical aspec- 
e instance of 
rbital stereo- 
aken by the "3o- 
the south-eas- 
ley and north- 
y mountain sys- 
-Fergana physi- 
Alay valley and 
mir region). Ex- 
arried out on 
hotogrammetric 
stereomaps: or- 
tereograph SC-1 
>hot-B (GDR). 
Lg space ortho- 
th this modern 
;he theoretical 
lues, merits and 
it, itself, ana- 
i results etc. 
research (see, 
!3, Балашов, 
,1984) . Within 
we shall consi- 
itogrammetric 
'es including 
;omap . That would 
)blem of its di- 
)us morphometric 
rsis. The drawing 
) 000 scale) on 
lucted after the 
vas obtained with 
)t-B (Новаковский, 
i approximately 
)00 initial spa- 
31. Drawing was 
Ltional stereo- 
3 isolines on 
эf mountainous 
intervals, or 
3 etc.) are used, 
the isolines i3 
steep slopes 
ches no longer 
map'в scale ) . 
solines may be 
olines (worth 
я interrupted, 
has demonstrated 
chnique of dra- 
interval are in- 
ay area, becau- 
fully cover the 
photoimage itself, greatly reducing the in 
formative value of the orthophotoimage. Ta 
king into account the detailed analysis of 
space photographs accuracy and pattern of 
their stereophotogrammetric processing, 
this and also great slope gradients of a 
mountain area dictate the expediency of ac 
cepting bigger interval of cros-'&ections. 
With experimental purposes the interval ac 
cepted for SC-1 proceseing was 200 m, and 
for the Topocart - 250 m. Fragments of the 
main component parts of a space photomap 
for a section of the Pamiro-Alay area are 
presented by figures 1 and 2. 
photographic features of the locality. 
While developing methods of photomap ap 
plication one should note two ways broade 
ning the possibilities of their use in geo 
graphical research: 1) a correlated inter 
pretation of the photoimages and an analy 
sis of their thematic contents,* 2) a cor 
rection and refinement of the derivative 
maps on the basis of the initial photocar- 
tographic image. 
The first way is rather evident. The jo 
int study of the cartographic and the pho 
tographic images allow the performance of 
a constant visual correlation of the photo 
Figure 1. Space orthophotoimage of a frag 
ment of Pamiro-Alay area. 
Fig.1 is a space orthophotoimage while Fig. 
2 - gypsometric picture of the territory. 
One can see that the accepted interval bet 
ween the isolines prevents their merging 
and allows for preserving the informativity 
of the orthophotoimage and representing all 
the forms of high-mountain relief correct 
ly. It should be noted that the drawing of 
relief was corrected on the basis of oro 
graphic scheme also stereophotogrammetri- 
cally compiled from space photographs. In 
certain cases we afforded slight shifts of 
isolines to approximately 0.5 of the inter 
val for the purposes of greater expressive 
ness and geographical plausibility of the 
picture. 
The main stages of producing the 1:500 000 
photomap of the Pamiro-Alay area through 
the Topocart-Orthophot-B complex were as 
follows: obtaining an orthophotoimage, com 
piling an orographic schematic map, produ 
cing a relief original, image interpreting 
in the process of stereodrawing of lands 
cape elements (such as spatial distributi 
on of glaciers), imprinting isolines into 
the orthophotoimage and general design of 
the map. The method printing isolines pro 
viding for high quality of the photomap was 
accepted. The printing form was derived di 
rectly from the gypsometric original, after 
that the picture of relief was printed in 
to the orthophotoimage in brown paint. The 
procedure preserved all the photographic 
details raising at the same time, the data 
content of the map due to pseudovolumetric 
gypsometric image effect and structural 
image indicative elements and the thematic 
contents of photomaps. Thus, the photogra 
phic featues are further corroborated and 
"strengthened" by the hydrographic network 
pattern, topographic features etc. which 
makes the analysis more reliable. The stu 
dy of photomaps unveils such topographic 
and landscape, features, as well as, the 
details of configuration and structure that 
cannot be noticed in separate analysis of 
maps and photographic images. 
The use of photomaps assigns a greater 
importance to the indicative approach which 
allows studying phenomena by their exteri 
or, indirect manifestations. Photomaps ma 
ke it possible to reveal the latent quali 
tative data on phenomena and processes fix 
ed in their morphological features to a ful 
ler extent. Photomaps rather than maps and 
photographic images facilitate the defini 
tion of the structure of the orographic and 
hydrographic elements, their configuration, 
mutual orientation, combinations etc. Besi 
des, photamap8 make it easier to bring out 
the background factors, typical of the gi 
ven territory and the abnormal deviations 
arising out of the local regularities. The 
good prospects for simultaneous analysis of 
horizontal and altitudinal anomalies of re 
lief should be emphasized too. 
Another feature of photomap application 
lies in the possibility of their use to re 
fine the derivative morphometric, correlai, 
tive and other maps (see, for instance fig. 
3-6). The image phototone and texture al 
low a more precise determination of the