International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Vol. 32, Part 7-4-3 W6, Valladolid, Spain, 3-4 June, 1999
89
The procedure needs no additional or reference data, as all input
data comes from the generation processes and the DEMs
themselves and can be obtained from common DEM generation
software. This enables the operational implementation of the
procedure and paves the way for a wide range of remote sensing
applications needing accurate and reliable DEM information.
The fused DEM can be reintroduced as a reference in the
generation processes of the InSAR and stereo DEM, in order to
increase their accuracy. This is of special interest for the InSAR
phase flattening or coherence estimation, which is needed for
the SAR retrieval of several bio- and geophysical parameters.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The work is a result of our studies within the EU ORFEAS
project. The project was carried out in multi-national co
operation with University of Thessaloniki, Politechnico di
Milano, TU Graz, ETH Zurich, and Cartographic Institute of
Catalonia, which provided a very complete dataset of the south-
central part of Catalonia. I also want to thank Mr. Markus
Niederost, IGP, ETH Zurich and especially Ms. Kirsten Wolff,
Institute for Photogrammetry, University of Bonn, for their
useful hints and discussions.
REFERENCES
Baarda, W., 1967. Statistical Concepts in Geodesy. Netherlands
Geodetic Commission, Publications on Geodesy, 2(4), Delft,
The Netherlands.
Baltsavias, E. P., Stallmann, D., 1993. SPOT Stereo Matching
for Digital Terrain Model Generation. In Proc. 2 nd Swiss
Symposium "Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision", pp. 61
-72.
Ghiglia, D., Romero, L., 1994. Robust Two-Dimensional
Weighted and Unweighted Phase Unwrapping that Uses Fast
Transforms and Iterative Methods. J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, Vol.
11, No. 1, pp.107-117.
Goldstein, R., Zebker, H., Werner C., 1988. Satellite Radar
Interferometry: Two dimensional phase unwrapping. Radio Sei.,
Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 713-720.
Grün, A., 1986. Photogrammetrische Punktbestimmung mit der
Bündelmethode. Institut für Geodäsie und Photogrammetrie,
ETH Zürich, Mitteilungen Nr. 40, Zurich, Switzerland.
Honikel, M., 1998. Fusion of Optical and Radar Digital
Elevation Models in the Spatial Frequency Domain.
Proceedings of the 2 nd Int. Workshop on Retrieval of Bio- and
Geophysical Parameters from SAR Data for Land Applications,
21-23 October, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, pp. 537-543.
Leica Helava, 1997. SOCET SET, Windows NT/UNIX User
Manual, Release 4.0, pp. F-l-4.
Patias, P. (Ed.), 1998. ORFEAS, Optical Radar Sensor Fusion
for Environmental Applications. EU Final Project Report,
Contract No. ENV4-CT95-0150, pp. 132-135.
Prati, C., Rocca, F., Monti-Guamieri, A., Pasquali, P., 1994.
ERS-1 Interferometric Techniques and Applications. ISPRS
Proceedings of Symp. "Primary Data Acquisition and
Evaluation". In IAPRS, 30(1), pp. 123-126.
Small, D., Werner, C., Nüesch, D., 1995. Geocoding and
Validation of ERS-1 InSAR-Derived Digital Elevation Models.
EARSel Advances in Remote Sensing, 4(2), pp. 26-39 and I-II.
Werner, C., 1992. Techniques and Applications of SAR
Interferometry for ERS-1: Topographic Mapping, Change
Detection and Slope Measurement. Proceedings of the 1st ERS-
1 Symposium "Space at the Service of our Environment", pp.
205-210.
Zebker, H., Werner, C., Rosen, P., 1994. Accuracy of
Topographic Maps Derived from ERS-1 Interferometric Radar.
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 32(4),
pp. 823-836.
Zebker, H., Lu, Y.P., 1998. Phase Unwrapping Algorithms for
Radar Interferometry: Residue Cut, Least Squares and Synthesis
Algorithms. Jour. Opt. Soc. Am., 15, pp. 586-598.