886 
Table 2. Summary of Spatial Resolution Requirements 
for Urban Mapping from Space. 
URBAN MAPPINC 
REQUIREMENT 
MAP SCALE 
EXAMPLE USER 
CATEGORY/ 
IMAGE 
GROUND 
RESOLUTION 
• URBAN/RURAL DIF 
FERENTIATION 
(LEVEL I) 
• ENERGY 
UTILIZATION 
• GENERALIZED LAND 
USE/LAND COVER 
• LARGE LAND CON 
VERSION (NEW 
CONSTRUCTION) 
MONITORING 
• GENERALIZED LAND 
USE/LAND COVER 
• URBAN/RURAL 
FRINGE 
DEMARCATION 
• NEW CONSTRUCTION 
MONITORING 
.000,000 
1:250,000 
• LEVEL II/I II LAND 1:25,000- 
USE (DETAILED) 1:50,000 
• NEW CONSTRUCTION 
MONITORING 
• UTILITY PLANNER 
• DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYST 
VERY LOW 
RESOLUTION/ 
500M-1 KM 
• STATE AND RECIONAL LAND USE 
PLANNERS 
• TRANSPORTATION PLANNER 
• ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 
ANALYST 
LOW 
RESOLUTION 
80M 
• RECIONAL AND CITY LAND USE 
PLANNERS 
• URBAN TRANSPORTATION 
PLANNER 
• ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 
ANALYST 
• WATER RESOURCE PLANNER 
• DISASTER WARNING PLANNER 
• RECIONAL AND CITY LAND USE 
PLANNERS 
• CARTOCRAPHERS 
• URBAN TRANSPORTATION 
PLANNER/ENCINEER 
• ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY 
DEVELOPMENT PLANNER 
• ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 
ANALYST 
• WATER RESOURCE PLANNER 
• DISASTER WARNINC PLANNER 
• INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL LOCATION 
ANALYST 
MEDIUM 
RESOLUTION/ 
30M 
HIGH 
RESOLUTION/ 
10-15M 
4 CONCLUSIONS: Spatial Mapping Requirements 
Agency mapping requirements vary greatly in level of 
detail needed, timeliness of data required, desired 
map data output products, area of responsibility 
(acreage to be mapped), and agencies vary in ability 
to purchase and process data. 
Notwithstanding, we attempted to use the empirical 
data from Table 1 to derive the spatial resolution 
requirements listed in Table 2. For generalized, 
large-area, Level I urban-rural differentiation, the 
very low resolution data might be applicable. 
Example map scale is 1:1,000,000, and potential 
users are utility planners, demographers, and 
federal land use planners. For generalized land 
use/1 and cover maps of urban areas at the scale of 
1:250,000, low resolution (80 m) data could be 
used. State and regional planners, transportation 
planners, and environmental protection analysts 
could all be placed in the potential user category. 
Land use/1 and cover maps at the scale of 1:100,000 
with clear demarcation of the urban-rural fringe 
could be used by city and regional planners, as well 
as a wide range of urban and resource planners/ 
analysts. The requirement for Level I I/I 11 land use 
mapping can be met by interpretation of high 
resolution (10-15 m) data collected from space. 
Maps with scales ranging from 1:25,000 to 1:50,000 
can be made, and many types urban analysts, 
planners, and engineers are potential users, 
including regional and city planners, cartographers, 
transportation planner, city engineer, urban 
demographer, and industrial/commercial location 
analyst. 
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