932 
REFERENCES 
ID # 
ENTITY 
ENTITY 
DATA 
TYPE 
ATTRIBUTES 
SOURCE 
(unique 
random) 
(point 
line 
polygon) 
(bedrock 
surficial) 
(Can. 
Geol. 
Survey ) 
Figure 5. Standardized entity file 
5.3 Datalogical Model 
As explained earlier, the point file (or points 
record type) is of great importance. Polygonal and 
line data refer to points, which are stored 
uniquely. But since several occurrences of polygons 
(adjacent polygons, for example) will refer to the 
same points, an auxiliary record type must be used. 
Lines and polygons can be represented by the same 
record type, which would carry an indicator as to 
whether a line or polygon is represented, with the 
assumption in the latter case that there is a line 
segment from the last point back to the first. 
Taking geological data as an example, the data 
record for a particular occurrence will contain 
information for a particular area, including a 
unique identifier, the source of the data, a pointer 
to the correct polygon in the line/polygon records 
and a pointer to the appropriate paradigm file. The 
structure of this data will be as shown in Figure 5. 
With some variations, survey control, hydrography, 
surface cover and DEM data can be handled in much 
the same way. For example, hydrography involves 
both line data (for rivers) and polygon data (for 
lakes), but can otherwise be handled as described 
above. Processing of DEM data, due to its 
complexity, will have to be handled by a special 
applications program outside of the DBMS. Within the 
data base it will suffice, therefore, to have some 
basic information, the DEM type, the source of the 
data etc., as well as a pointer to the correct data 
record in a separate file of DEM information. 
Transportation data, including such things as 
roads and power lines, can also be handled as 
described above, except that an extra "level" of 
information may be required. Different sections of 
a highway may have been built by different contrac 
tors, for example, and therefore there may have to 
be a record type which is subordinate to, or "owned 
by", the record type for roads, which describes a 
segment of a road that has constant attributes. 
6. CONCLUSIONS 
Land related information systems are becoming more 
important as tools to assist in spatial data 
management. By interfacing such systems with modern 
data acquisition and storage technology, such as 
satellite remote sensing and data base management 
systems, further significant payoffs are possible. 
This paper has reported on research that is 
integrating a range of spatial data types into an 
LRIS. Apart from the normal range of conventionally 
derived thematic data, also included are remotely 
sensed data as well as DEM and survey data. This 
has resulted in design criteria involving a more 
complex conceptual model than would be typical of 
less comprehensive geographic information systems. 
As well, the research has resolved certain practical 
aspects of data acquisition and storage. What 
remains to be done is to complete the development of 
the prototype LRIS in order to undertake an 
evaluation of the system to assess its potential for 
more extensive application. 
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