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626 
STUDY APPROACH AND TECHNIQUES 
The main task of the present work is the int 
erpretation of the landforms in the area of 
interest and their hydrogeologic bearings. The 
control upon water flow either on the surface 
or in the subsurface and the impacts upon gr 
oundwater conditions in the Miocene aquifer 
are the objects. 
The study approach depends on both the qua 
litative and quantitative techniques either 
in the lab or in the field. Among these tech 
niques are; 
1. Stereoscopic examination of 249 aerial 
photographs of scale 1:40,000, 
2. Assembling the photo-mosaics covered the 
area (about 13 photo-mosaics of scale 1:50000) 
3. Assembling the landsat imageries which 
include the area of interest. Three of the 
ERTS imageries of bands 5>6,and 7 are select 
ed to represent the conditions of January and 
June of the year 1976, 
4. Infiltration tests by using double rings 
in selected sites representing the different 
surface deposites, 
5. Sampling of rock, soil, and water bodi 
es. The collected samples are studied petro- 
graphically or chemicaly, 
6. Field survey and measurements. Distance- 
angles and levels are obtained, 
7. Hand templet and sloted templet methods 
for map compilation are applied, and 
8. Statistical treatment of the collected 
data either manually or computerized. 
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 
The landforms and their hydrogeologic bearin 
gs are investigated as based on the photo 
interpretation of relief criteria and draina 
ge patterns followed by field check and meas 
urements. The results are obtained through 
systematic procedures and discussed in the 
following categories: 
1. Regional features 
The regional features west of the gulf of Su 
ez are defined by the landsat imageries. They 
are defined as based on normal and subtle d- 
ifferences in color and tones along straight 
or curved lines,the lineaments in drainage 
and the alignments of surface features. The 
following features are defined ( Fig.2 ): 
1.1. The regional outline of the Precambri- 
an sheild,where defined by the contact boun- 
aries between dark grey and dark white tones. 
The area of the sheild represents the higher 
plateau area in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. 
It slopes in general to the east and the west. 
1.2. The shape of the coast line of the gu 
lf of Suez, where it runs into zigzag line in 
both sides and trending NW-SE. It is highly 
controlled by the regional trends of faulting 
in the gulf region. The N-S and WNW-ESE fault- 
s play the pioneering role in this manner. 
1.3. The regional patterns of drainage ba 
sins, where they run either to the east or t- 
he west of the basement sheild. The higher 
plateau maintains the water divide and the 
up-stream parts of the drainage basins. 
1.4. The local bodies of salt and brackish 
water on the surface, where they occupy the 
lowlying areas along the coast. They represen- 
t the marsh and swamp areas. They are develo 
ped mainly due to subsurface intrusion of sal- 
t water from the gulf and seeps from the gro 
undwater in the land. 
1.5. The structural ridges , where they de- 
*44-. 
Nf ' 
kb. 
O 
tò:" 
Figure 2. A combined mosaic of the ERTS imag 
eries indicating the regional features west 
of the gulf of Suez. 
veloped parallel to the coast line and mainly 
attributed to the influence of NW-SE faults. 
1.6. The evaporite exposures along the weste 
rn coast of the gulf, where they occupy the 
areas of whitish tone. They represent the up 
per unit of Middle Miocene section in the gu 
lf of Suez region. 
2. Drainage and hydrographic patterns 
When dealing with the drainage and hydrograp 
hic patterns the photo-mosaics are examined. 
The drainage basins are delineated and the 
boundaries are defined. They are defined by 
the name of the main valley. The drainage pa 
tterns represent the main channels and tribu 
taries in each basin or sub-basin. A combine- 
d map of the area is compiled after the exam 
ined mosaics (Fig. 3). 
Almostly, the main channels have a trend 
from west to east in the area west of the gu 
lf of Suez. This reflects the influence of 
the initial slope trend and the structural 
framework. 
Certain patterns of drainage are defined 
qualitatively and quantitatively in the pres 
ent drainage sub-basins. They are differenti 
ated into several types as based on some cri 
teria such as, the degree of integration, the 
density, the degree of uniformity, the orien 
tation, the degree of control, the angularit- 
y, and the angle of juncture ( Ray,I960; Tho 
rnbury,1962; Howard,1967; and El-Etr & Yousi- 
f,1978). 
About 13 of photo-mosaics are examined (No- 
s.,25, 49» inclusive). Nine sub-basins are 
defined i 
actively, 
outlets g 
annels is 
The fol 
dealing w 
studied a 
2.1. Tb 
basins va 
sq. Km. 
2.2. Tb 
varies be 
from nort 
ream chan 
sub-basin 
2.3. Th 
to the fi 
basins. T 
and magni 
g the pre 
2.4. Th 
value cha 
This refl 
plateau, 
nage dens 
nges betw' 
icates mo: 
slopes, w: 
are expo si 
2.5. Th< 
ns in eac] 
ly. The c< 
are the d( 
of draina^ 
coastal p] 
tomic typ« 
nging in £ 
the same i 
ween the r 
ture plays 
ent of cei 
ns in the 
the barbec 
t the infl 
ulting anc 
The draa 
area of st 
ast fluvig 
Recent tin 
ibutaries 
fluvial pe 
rficial de 
having hig 
1.5 mm/ se 
winter tin 
au and slo 
where grea 
ward at tb 
coastal pi 
in the Mio 
ins sheddi 
le other 1 
Table 1. E 
Ser.no 
№ 
I. 
Nor' 
II. 
Wad: 
III. 
W. I 
IV. 
W. I 
V. 
W. 1 
VI. 
W. I 
V. 
W. 1 
VI. 
W. I 
VII. 
W. 1