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If radial distortion is present, the [vv] and x will be influenced by this 
systematic error. But since the radial distortion is assumed to be symmetrical 
around the principal point we can apply the adjustments to groups of points 
with the same distances from point 33. We have five groups of such points, 
]. 33,11, $1, 55,15 rzvo 
/ 
avs 
2 
h2 
  
33, 12, 21, 41, 52, 54, 45, 25, 14 r= 
3, „33, 13, 31, 53, 35 r=a 
x 
  
a 
4. 33,22, 42,44,24 r=" 
v2 
& 
S. 33, 32, 43, 34, 23 fors 
If the adjustment is applied to these different groups, the distortion will 
cause changes primarily in the dz,, and the sum [vv] will be determined without 
systematic influence from the distortion. 
From the nine points of group 2 we obtain for instance: 
[vv] = [dxdx] + [dydy] — 5 ([dx]? + [dy]?) 
2 2 ( 2 c1 m1 
—h (2 -D ) — — 4(18D — 10[dx]) + (18D — 10[dy]) ; 
9 25 p 93 94 J 
1 92 H 
  
The symbols Dy, etc., have the following definition: 
Dg, — $dxi — ddxi, -- dxg — dxgs + dxy — dxag + idxsg — dx + dy 
+ dyn + ddyg + ddys; — dy — $dyas — dysa — dysi 
D 44 — — dX — dxi4 — ddxgy — ddxgy -- 4dxay + ddxag + dXs2 + dXsa + bay 
— $dya o dys — dyss + dyay — dyas + dys — dys, 
Dss — idxig + ddxiy + dxy + dxgs + dxyy + dxgs + 1dxsy + dx + $d 
— idyu + Ydyy — Mdyy — Mya + idyas — kdyss + ddys 
Das = ddxi — ddxy, -- ddxg — kdXo5 — ddxay + ddxag — ddxgy + Mdxy 
T dyig + dyıa + dy + ddyos + tym + Idyas + dvse + dun 
The standard error of one observation is then obtained as: 
= m J [vv] 
18-6 12 
Also the corrections to the elements of orientation, their weight and correlation 
numbers, have been determined in a general shape. 
If the points of group 1 are used for the adjustment we obtain: 
[vv] = [dxdx] + [dydy} — }([dx]? + [dy]? 
  
  
  
120 
2 2 ( 1 
— iw TN ) — m] © Nes — 4[dx])* + (SN; — 4[dy]) i 
51 52 
68 
  
  
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