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DEVELOPING OF TURKEY'S DISASTER MANAGEMENT STANDARDS FOR E- 
GOVERNMENT 
F. Batuk, O. Emem, Z. Alkis, U. Gümügay, C. Eraslan, C. Helvaci, N. Demir, T. Türk, B. Bayram, A. Alkis 
YTU, Division of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Besiktag Istanbul, Turkey- (batuk, oemem, zubeyde, 
ceraslan, chelvaci, demir, tturk, bayram, alkis)@yildiz.edu.tr 
Comission IV, WG IV/2 
KEY WORDS: GIS, Remote Sensing, Disaster, Earthquake, Decision Support 
ABSTRACT 
Since Turkey was included in eEurope + Initiative, Turkish Government has considered e-Government projects and disaster 
management systems, and struggled in last years. One of those projects is Disaster Emergency Management Information 
System (AFAYBIS) which is being carried out by Yildiz Technical University staff on behalf of The Office of Turkish Prime 
Ministry and Governorship of Istanbul. 
AFAYBIS project is being designed for a chosen pilot area (Istanbul Metropolis). It is being carried out according to the 
latter geographic information technologies. ISO 19000 standards, DIGEST, S-57, ICSM, ALKIS-ATKIS-AFIS, ESA, TABIS 
projects and the others have examined, and feature coding catalogue, metadata definitions, quality assessment procedures, 
application schema are determined in order to supply international conformance. Information system was designed with the 
object oriented approaches and object-relational data models. Unified Modelling Language was used to design the data 
models. 
In this paper, the development of AFAYBIS project standards and approaches are described. 
1. INTRODUCTION 
Using of current information technologies provides 
delivering the public services to the citizens, employees 
and private sector. Nevertheless, these technologies 
enable us to coordinate the relational network between 
the public and government, to use the sources productive 
and effective, to plan and organize the investments, to 
decide efficiently and develop decision-support systems 
and to obtain opportunity equality to the people. These 
public services between citizens and government are 
executed easier, faster and secure with the use of on-line 
communication. These on-line services are provided by e- 
Government technology. 
E-Government refers to the use by government agencies 
of information technologies (such as Wide Area 
Networks, the Internet, and mobile computing) that have 
the ability to transform relations with citizens, businesses, 
and other arms of government. These technologies can 
serve a variety of different ends: better delivery of 
government services to citizens, improved interactions 
with business and industry, citizen empowerment through 
access to information, or more efficient government 
management. The resulting benefits can be less 
corruption, increased transparency, greater convenience, 
revenue growth, and/or cost reductions (World Bank). 
Generally, disaster management information systems are 
one of the sub-projects of the e-Government project in 
the establishment process of electronic administration. 
However, this kind of systems should be widespread 
country and designed appropriate for the interoperability. 
Besides, that information system should be appropriate 
for the international standards. 
183 
Because of necessity of standards for GIS, many 
universities, companies and agencies have been studying 
on the international GIS standards. Especially, the 
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and 
NATO published their GIS standards. ISO standards are 
collected under ISO 19000 standards which is prepared 
by ISO / TC 211 Committee. ISO 19000 standards have 
brought in common language for concepts of GIS. ISO / 
TC 211 and other ISO committees, DGIWG, IHO, 
OpenGIS Consortium, FGDC, etc. are cooperating for 
GIS standards (ISO / TC 211). 
Nature originated events which can turn the conditions 
into disasters occur very frequently in Turkey. This 
situation is especially consequences of the geology, 
topography, climatic state and settlement habits of 
Turkey. When the damages are considered based on 
disasters in Turkey, 64% earthquakes, 16% landslides, 
15% floods, 4% fires, 1% avalanches, storms, 
underground water arises and other metrological 
originated events are being appeared (TBMM, 2003). The 
statistics of death ratios and structural damages based on 
disasters exposed that the biggest portion of the losses are 
related to the earthquakes. This portion is 2/3 of the all 
losses based on the disasters. Therefore, earthquake is 
synonym with the disaster in Turkey (Ergunay, 2003). 
After terrible consequences of Kocaeli-Korfez earthquake 
on 17^ August 1999, several projects are being carried 
out in Turkey in order to begin debates on the disaster 
management concept, risk analyses, GIS etc. AFAYBIS 
project is one of those projects. It is being carried out by 
Y TU and aimed to support both disaster management and 
e-Government studies in Turkey. The first stage that 
includes feasibility, analyses and design, is completed by 
project staff. Approximately 50 institutions related to the