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DATABASE DRIVEN CARTOGRAPHIC VISUALIZATION OF VMAP DATABASE 
A. Torun, A. Ulubay 
Harita Genel Komutanligi (General Command of Mapping), 06100 Cebeci, Ankara 
atorun(@hgk.mil.tr, aulubay@hgk.mil.tr 
Commission IV, WG IV/4 
KEY WORDS: Spatial database, cartography, visualization, GIS, mapping, knowledge base 
ABSTRACT: 
Spatial databases contain feature classes that represent real world. Content of geographic database is mainly designed for GIS 
analysis. However, a spatial database for cartographic visualization should contain some more rules and information for 
visualization. Cartographic visualization of a spatial database is usually in map format. Being expressed in this study, Joint 
Operations Graphics (JOG) is cartographic visualization of Vector Smart Map Level 1 (VMAP L-1) spatial database. JOG Air and 
Ground series at scale 1:250000 are used for joint operations of allied forces. VMAP L-1 is a spatial database with a content of 
middle scale maps such as JOGs at scale 1:250000. JOG Air and Ground series are used for planning of short and long distance 
flight, air-ground tactical operations, helicopter operations, tactical and close-air support, visual navigation, and air-ground 
coordinated operations and strategic/operational planning purposes by ground units and civil aviation. First and second editions of 
JOG series are produced by General Command of Mapping (GCM) - (Harita Genel Komutanlifi-HGK) - between 1971-1973 and 
1983-1987 respectively. Vector Smart Map Level 1 (VMAP L-1) database is presently used for the production of third edition by 
means of database driven cartographic visualization methods. Visualization based on database driven cartography allows not only 
producing different types of cartographic products, but also maintaining consistency of data within database. In this paper, Digital 
Landscape Model (DLM) and Digital Cartographic Model (DCM) of JOG charts are given. The JOG production workflow 
comprising data preparation, data processing, visualization and reproduction, which are based on database driven cartography is 
expressed. 
1. INTRODUCTION 
JOG air series are used for planning of short and long distance 
flight, navigation, air-ground tactical operations, helicopter 
operations, tactical and close-air support, visual navigation. 
These sheets are used by not only military purposes but also for 
visual and low-level navigation of civil aviation. JOG Ground 
series are used for air-ground coordinated operations and 
strategic/operational planning purposes to complement the 
1:50000 and 1:100 000 scale map series by ground units. 
JOGs contain reference system and projection information in 
addition to built-up areas such as cities, towns, transportation 
network such as airports, roads, railroads, ferries, infrastructure 
such as power lines, pipelines and landmarks and other cultural 
features besides natural features. 
JOG air series are the basic data source of other air charts used 
for long-distance and high altitude navigation such as Special 
Aeronautical Chart (SAC), Tactical Pilotage Chart (TPC), 
Operational Navigational Chart (ONC), Jet Navigation Chart 
(JNC) and Global Navigation Chart (GNC). 
VMAP L-I database conveys information on location and 
descriptive specifications of thematic features. New edition of 
JOGs of Turkey are produced by using VMAP L-1 database 
built by collecting data from scanned JOG sheets, other 
rasterized topographic maps, remotely sensed images and by 
extracting data from other databases such as contour lines, 
populated places etc. Schema of VMAP L-1 database is 
extended to construct Digital Landscape Model (DLM) of 
JOGs. This extension comprises new relations (coverages 
and/or tables) and new attributes in existing relations and 
population of these new attributes. VMAP L-1 being the DLM 
is visualized as JOG by means of Digital Cartographic Model 
(DCM) for this product. The DCM is formed by combination of 
JOG specifications by General Command of Mapping (GCM) 
and National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), 
symbolization rules, symbols and colour models. The VMAP L- 
| database is visualized as a digital map by using formed DCM. 
ESRI PLTS/MPS software, running on ArcInfo is used for data 
processing and for producing and editing map layout elements. 
Some of pre-press works are done with support of Adobe 
Illustrator. Final map layout file is colour-separated and pressed 
as hardcopy map and rasterized as softcopy map. 
In the second chapter visualization model of VMAP L-I 
database as a JOG chart, short description of VMAP L-1 
database are given. Workflow to visualize VMAP L-1 as a 
hardcopy and softcopy map and tools for map editing are 
expressed in chapter 3. Results and experiences are presented in 
the last chapter. 
2. JOG AS A VISUALIZATION MODEL OF VMAP 
SPATIAL DATABASE 
Cartographic maps as a model of geographic framework have 
been widely used for geographic analysis and visual 
interpretation. Maps reduce our worlds of enquiry into 
assimilable proportions and cast them into shapes from which 
we can derive information (Visvalingam 1994). Design of 
visualization model of a spatial database as a map is a critical 
aspect, if these maps are employed in critical mission such as 
military operations.