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INVESTIGATION OF TIME-DEPENDENT CHANGES OF FILYOS RIVER AND ITS 
DELTA IN THE BLACK SEA COASTAL ZONE BY TEMPORAL GIS 
I. Büyüksalih"", S. Oncü*, H. Akcin® 
“ ZKÜ Engineering Faculty, Geodesy & Photogrammetry Eng. Dept. , 67100 Zonguldak Turkey, (muhendismail, 
s oncu(ümynet.com, hakanakcin@ karaelmas.edu.tr ) 
Commission PS YF 
KEY WORDS: GIS, change detection, object oriented analysis, Landsat TM, SPOT 5, temporal GIS, Filyos river, Zonguldak 
ABSTRACT 
Filyos river is one of the important river of Turkey and it is the topic of this paper. This river and its delta was announced as free 
zone in which second largest investment project is being constructed. Its emphasis based on the fact that it is a stock of gravel and 
crashed zone. Due to the material substances its river bed and delta changes the location. These modifications occurred on the land 
affects the land use in the river basin suck changes can be observed by remotely sensed images temporally and it has been analysed 
in this study over the 20 years period. In the experimental phase, Landsat TM and SPOT-5 HRG images were used. Then, by means 
of the object-oriental image segmentation and classification algorithms, vectorial layer has been derived and integrated to the GIS 
environment. Based on the findings, it has been realized that at the present time (2004), Filyos river falls into the sea with only one 
branch while it was droop of the Black sea from two points in 1983. Also, along with this 20 years period, changes of the mass 
accumulated in river bed and delta, changes of the length of river and dry area are investigated as graphical. 
1. INTRODUCTION 
Filyos river valley in one of main valley of Zonguldak city 
and lives along the Filyos River. Width of this valley reaches 
to 300-400 m in some places and includes Caycuma 
downtown, saltukova/kokaksu-hisarónü.Filyos project over 
the Filyos river is the second largest investment in Turkey 
after southeast Anatolia project (GAP) 
(www.Zonguldak.meb.gov.tr, ^ www.caycuma.com/tanitim). 
In these contents, river side between the Gókgebey in south 
and Black sea delta in North, Which extends about 1 km, has 
been announced as Frec zone. Moreover, delta side of the 
river has been planned as longest part of the country (Seker 
at all,2003). Project is Undertaken by Karabiik Iron-steel 
factory Kardemir .Furthermore, this river carries the allavion 
material and this make it as one of the important industrial 
raw material center with sand-gravel and agrega.in this study, 
changes over the last 20 years river part between the 
Saltukova airport at south and its delta at Black sea coast 
have been analysed based on the 1:25000 scale topographic 
maps, Landsat TM and SPOT-5 HKG images under the GIS 
environment. As a result of such implementation, required 
statistics can be derived in temporal manner. 
2. EXPERIMENTAL AREA: FILYOS RIVER AND 
ITS DELTA 
Filyos River, 228 km with a basin of 13156sq.km, is located 
from the kóroglu mountains, Cankiri, to the west side of the 
Black sea. The river consist of several brunches and than all 
of them combine in Gókcebey-Zonguldak basin. From that 
point, the river streams 30 km in the north direction till reach 
to the Black Sea. In Figure I, location of Filyos river valley 
is shown in the details. The figure represents 3-D DEM of 
Filyos delta and gives orthoimage and 1:25000 scale 
topographic maps superimposed onto the DEM. The Filyos 
171 
River has catchments of 1303.6sq.km in the Filyos valley. 
Total the discharge is 3213.91 hm’ per year and average 
discharge 102.237 m? per sec. The discharge of Filyos river 
is fluctuated due to changes of seasons. Such as the 
discharge, in spring, 135.470 m? per sec. During the summer 
it goes down to 31.070 m? per sec. Also in fall season, it is 
67,140 m? per sec last, in winter, it goes up again to 127.370 
m°/sec. From the Filyos valley to the river delta, alluvial 
plain supplies high quality aggregates for concrete structures. 
Due to geological history of the delta, sand-gravels and 
crushed stone have unique engineer properties. According to 
Buzkan 1996, the reserves of aggregeten in the delta 
approximately 33 million cubic-meters. 
3. METHODOLOGY 
In this study, two different types of images have been used. 
First one is the Landsat TM images of 1992 and 2000 
(including only spectral bands of 1,4 and 7 ) with a ground 
pixel size of 30 m. These images were geo-rectified by PCI 
Geomatica V9.1 software package based on the reference 
control set digitized from 1.25000 scale topographic maps. 
For the classification procedure, maximum likelihood method 
was used (lillesand and Kiefer, 2000). Second dataset is the 
SPOT-5 HRG level 1A October 2003 image taken by the 
new SPOT mission launched May, 2002. Ground resolution 
of the images from this satellite is changing and in this case, 
image with standard resolution (5m) was handled in the 
experimental process. For the geometric correction of this 
high-resolution data, GPS-surveyed GCPs with sub meter 
accuracy were utilized. 
In this study, following steps have been realized over the 
Landsat and SPOT-5 images (Benz, 2004); agriculture, 
forested, mass, river-bed and sea neighboured areas have