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INVESTIGATION OF TIME-DEPENDENT CHANGES OF FILYOS RIVER AND ITS
DELTA IN THE BLACK SEA COASTAL ZONE BY TEMPORAL GIS
I. Büyüksalih"", S. Oncü*, H. Akcin®
“ ZKÜ Engineering Faculty, Geodesy & Photogrammetry Eng. Dept. , 67100 Zonguldak Turkey, (muhendismail,
s oncu(ümynet.com, hakanakcin@ karaelmas.edu.tr )
Commission PS YF
KEY WORDS: GIS, change detection, object oriented analysis, Landsat TM, SPOT 5, temporal GIS, Filyos river, Zonguldak
ABSTRACT
Filyos river is one of the important river of Turkey and it is the topic of this paper. This river and its delta was announced as free
zone in which second largest investment project is being constructed. Its emphasis based on the fact that it is a stock of gravel and
crashed zone. Due to the material substances its river bed and delta changes the location. These modifications occurred on the land
affects the land use in the river basin suck changes can be observed by remotely sensed images temporally and it has been analysed
in this study over the 20 years period. In the experimental phase, Landsat TM and SPOT-5 HRG images were used. Then, by means
of the object-oriental image segmentation and classification algorithms, vectorial layer has been derived and integrated to the GIS
environment. Based on the findings, it has been realized that at the present time (2004), Filyos river falls into the sea with only one
branch while it was droop of the Black sea from two points in 1983. Also, along with this 20 years period, changes of the mass
accumulated in river bed and delta, changes of the length of river and dry area are investigated as graphical.
1. INTRODUCTION
Filyos river valley in one of main valley of Zonguldak city
and lives along the Filyos River. Width of this valley reaches
to 300-400 m in some places and includes Caycuma
downtown, saltukova/kokaksu-hisarónü.Filyos project over
the Filyos river is the second largest investment in Turkey
after southeast Anatolia project (GAP)
(www.Zonguldak.meb.gov.tr, ^ www.caycuma.com/tanitim).
In these contents, river side between the Gókgebey in south
and Black sea delta in North, Which extends about 1 km, has
been announced as Frec zone. Moreover, delta side of the
river has been planned as longest part of the country (Seker
at all,2003). Project is Undertaken by Karabiik Iron-steel
factory Kardemir .Furthermore, this river carries the allavion
material and this make it as one of the important industrial
raw material center with sand-gravel and agrega.in this study,
changes over the last 20 years river part between the
Saltukova airport at south and its delta at Black sea coast
have been analysed based on the 1:25000 scale topographic
maps, Landsat TM and SPOT-5 HKG images under the GIS
environment. As a result of such implementation, required
statistics can be derived in temporal manner.
2. EXPERIMENTAL AREA: FILYOS RIVER AND
ITS DELTA
Filyos River, 228 km with a basin of 13156sq.km, is located
from the kóroglu mountains, Cankiri, to the west side of the
Black sea. The river consist of several brunches and than all
of them combine in Gókcebey-Zonguldak basin. From that
point, the river streams 30 km in the north direction till reach
to the Black Sea. In Figure I, location of Filyos river valley
is shown in the details. The figure represents 3-D DEM of
Filyos delta and gives orthoimage and 1:25000 scale
topographic maps superimposed onto the DEM. The Filyos
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River has catchments of 1303.6sq.km in the Filyos valley.
Total the discharge is 3213.91 hm’ per year and average
discharge 102.237 m? per sec. The discharge of Filyos river
is fluctuated due to changes of seasons. Such as the
discharge, in spring, 135.470 m? per sec. During the summer
it goes down to 31.070 m? per sec. Also in fall season, it is
67,140 m? per sec last, in winter, it goes up again to 127.370
m°/sec. From the Filyos valley to the river delta, alluvial
plain supplies high quality aggregates for concrete structures.
Due to geological history of the delta, sand-gravels and
crushed stone have unique engineer properties. According to
Buzkan 1996, the reserves of aggregeten in the delta
approximately 33 million cubic-meters.
3. METHODOLOGY
In this study, two different types of images have been used.
First one is the Landsat TM images of 1992 and 2000
(including only spectral bands of 1,4 and 7 ) with a ground
pixel size of 30 m. These images were geo-rectified by PCI
Geomatica V9.1 software package based on the reference
control set digitized from 1.25000 scale topographic maps.
For the classification procedure, maximum likelihood method
was used (lillesand and Kiefer, 2000). Second dataset is the
SPOT-5 HRG level 1A October 2003 image taken by the
new SPOT mission launched May, 2002. Ground resolution
of the images from this satellite is changing and in this case,
image with standard resolution (5m) was handled in the
experimental process. For the geometric correction of this
high-resolution data, GPS-surveyed GCPs with sub meter
accuracy were utilized.
In this study, following steps have been realized over the
Landsat and SPOT-5 images (Benz, 2004); agriculture,
forested, mass, river-bed and sea neighboured areas have
