Table 1 : Major Parameters of TELKOM’s Satellites 
32 
Palapa A 
Palapa B 
TELKOM 1 
Main Contractor 
Hughes 
Hughes 
LMMS 
Bus Platform 
HS333 
HS376 
A2100 
Number per series 
2 
4 
1 
Launch Vehicle 
Delta2914 
STS/Delta2925 
Ariane 5 
Launch Dates 
1976-1977 
1983-1992 
1999 
Separated Mass (kg) 
1200 
2630 - 2655 
Array power (W) (EOL) 
1100 
5662 
Design Life (years) 
6 
8 
15 
Stabilization 
Spinner 
Spinner 
Three Axis 
Total number of active channels 
12 
24 
36 
Number of channels (C/ExtC) 
12/NA 
24/NA 
24/12 
Bandwidth per-channel (MHz) 
36 
36 
36 
HPA Power (W) (C/ExtC) 
5 
9.6 
38/69 
EIRP at eoc (dBW) (C/extC) 
30 
33 
38/41 
Type of Power Amplifier 
TWTA 
TWTA 
SSPA/LTWTA 
The coverage of Telkom-1 in figure 1 depicts the TELKOM-1 
antenna coverage, which covers Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, 
Singapore, Brunei, Malaysia, Phillipines, Thailand, Vietnam, 
Laos, Cambodia, Taiwan, Myanmar, Hongkong, Macao, and 
northern part of Australia. 
The frequency plan in Telkom-1 has a range from 5925 - 6425 
MHz for uplink standard band and 6445 - 6705 MHz for uplink 
extended band, while the downlink range are from 3700 - 4200 
MHz for standard band and 3400 - 3660 MHz for extended the 
user premises and do not need much space, especially the 
Figure 1 : TELKOM-1 antenna coverage 
band. The number of channel is doubled using polarization 
diversity, which are linier polarization for both horizontal and 
vertical polarization. Each channel having a 36 MHz 
bandwidth, channel of identical polarization are separated by 40 
MHz giving a 4 MHz guard band, and channel of opposite 
polarization are separated by 20 MHz. 
3. TELKOMNET TURBO 
The powerful satellite like Telkom-1 make it possible to deliver 
the transmission using smaller receive antenna as low as 1 meter 
diameter of antenna. This small dish can be easily mounted in 
price of it is quite inexpensive. Telkomnet Turbo is a service 
access via satellite for multimedia purposes based on TCP/IP 
with higher rate. The characteristic of Telkomnet Turbo are as 
follows : 
Access Mode : One way asymmetric 
Rate (downstream rate): up to 400 kbps 
Terminal: 
- 90 - 120 cm elliptical antenna plus LNB 
32 bit PCI card 
windows 95 or NT operating system 
PC (min) Pentium 75, 16 MB RAM, modem 
The network architecture of Telkomnet Turbo is depicted in 
figure 2. The flow of information is first by using dial-up 
network to access and gives some instructions/ commands to the 
Network Operation Control (NOC). Then, the signal is 
amplified by the satellite and transmitted to a receiving 
terminal which then amplified using low noise amplifier and 
converted to L-band, and inputted to the PCI card to do the 
demodulation of the signals. Since the amount of instructions/ 
commands from a user is small and the information be pulled- 
out from the server or web-site is quite large, the asymmetrical 
approach is the most suitable architecture.