744 
Studies suggest that many of the effects associated 
with hydroelectric development take years to fully 
evolve, and that it may take decades for affected 
environments to stabilize (Hecky and McCullough 
1984) . This is particularly true in northern boreal 
environments like the LJR basin. Therefore, it may 
be necessary to carry out monitoring over an extended 
period of time to fully understand and evaluate the 
magnitude of project-induced changes. Field based 
studies are usually only carried out for a few years 
prior to and following project implementation. 
Long-term studies are extremely expensive. LANDSAT 
data have been used successfully to monitor the 
recovery and stabilization of sediment conditions in 
reservoirs in northern Manitoba over a seven-year 
period (Chagarlamudi et al 1979). 
In addition to monitoring to assess system 
recovery, long-term satellite-aided studies may be 
useful in examining certain other aspects of 
reservoir dynamics. Better understanding of these 
dynamics may be important for reservoir management 
purposes. For example, the timing and sequence of 
ice cover break-up can be monitored (Hecky and 
McCullough 1984). Evaporation from reservoir 
surfaces has been successfully estimated using 
satellite thermal infrared data (Miller and Rango 
1985) . Interactions between reservoirs and adjacent 
groundwater regimes may also be assessed using remote 
sensing techniques (Rundquist et al 1985). 
4 CONCLUSIONS 
Results of the LJR pilot project confirm that remote 
sensing can be used effectively and economically to 
complement environmental studies conducted throughout 
the project life cycle for new hydroelectric 
generating stations. Applications show greatest 
potential benefits in remote northern areas where 
existing environmental data are often scarce, 
outdated, fragmented or difficult to obtain. 
The dynamic, generalized land cover mapping 
produced for the LJR basin appears ideally suited to 
broad river system level planning exercises and 
conceptual assessments. Satellite data are also 
useful in scoping and conducting baseline inventories 
for detailed project assessments, particularly on 
large study areas where ground access is limited. 
Vegetative cover and derived wildlife habitat mapping 
proved extremely valuable for scoping terrestrial 
studies for the LJR hydroelectric project. While 
scoping and baseline inventory capabilities are 
strongest for terrestrial environmental studies, 
applications for studying near-surface aquatic 
environmental conditions are expanding. 
Prediction and monitoring of project-induced 
effects can be aided using remote sensing 
techniques. Reservoir displacement effects can be 
quantitatively estimated for a range of cover types 
and resource uses. Certain changes in the aquatic 
environment (e.g., turbidity) can also be effectively 
assessed. Monitoring capabilities would appear to be 
most beneficial in carrying out extended 
surveillance, designed to track long-term project 
effects and study area stabilization times. The 
spatial resolution offered by LANDSAT MSS data makes 
it difficult to assess very specific project-related 
effects. It should be stressed that remote 
sensing-based studies do not displace the need for 
ground-based environmental studies, but should be 
used in a complementary way to improve the 
effectiveness of overall study programs at the 
detailed project assessment phase. The increased 
resolution provided by the new generation of 
satellite sensors (e.g, TM, SPOT), and the further 
integration of GIS and DIA systems, will only serve 
to improve the applicability of remote sensing for 
impact assessment purposes. 
Symposii 
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Cairns, A.L. and E.S. Telfer 1980. Habitat use by 
four sympatric ungulates in boreal mixedwood 
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Chagarlamudi, P., R.E. Hecky and J.S. Schubert 1980. 
Quantitative monitoring of sediment levels in 
freshwater lakes from LANDSAT, p 115-118. In 
V.V. Salomonson, and P.D. Bhavsar (ed.). The 
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