XXII ISPRS Congress 2012: Technical Commission VIII

Shortis, M.; Shimoda, H.; Cho, K.

Bibliographic data

Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 1663813779

Title:: XXII ISPRS Congress 2012

Sub title:: Melbourne, Australia, 25 August-1 September 2012

Year of publication:: 2013

Place of publication:: Red Hook, NY

Publisher of the original:: Curran Associates, Inc.

Identifier (digital):: 1663813779

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Kongress-Thema: Imaging a sustainable future

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 1663822514

Title:: Technical Commission VIII

Scope:: 590 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2014

Place of publication:: Red Hook, NY

Publisher of the original:: Curran Associates, Inc.

Identifier (digital):: 1663822514

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(39,B8)

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Erscheinungsdatum des Originals ist ermittelt.; Literaturangaben

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Shortis, M.; Shimoda, H.; Cho, K.

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2019

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: [VIII/5: Energy and Solid Earth]

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

SHADOW EFFECT ON PHOTOVOLTAIC POTENTIALITY ANALYSIS USING 3D CITY MODELS N. Alam® *, V. Coors? S. Zlatanova®, P. J. M. Oosterom 2 Faculty of Surveying, Computer Science and Mathematics, Stuttgart University of Applied Sciences, Schellingstr. 24, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany - (nazmul.alam, Volker.coors)@hft-stuttgart.de b OTB, GIS-technology, Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 9, 2628 BX Delft, The Netherlands — (S.Zlatanova, P.J.M.vanOosterom)@tudelft.nl KEY WORDS: Shadow Detection, Solar Energy, Photovoltaic System, 3D City Models, Potentiality Analysis, 3D GIS ABSTRACT: Due to global warming, green-house effect and various other drawbacks of existing energy sources, renewable energy like Photovoltaic system is being popular for energy production. The result of photovoltaic potentiality analysis depends on data quality and parameters. Shadow rapidly decreases performance of the Photovoltaic system and it always changes due to the movement of the sun. Solar radiation incident on earth’s atmosphere is relatively constant but the radiation at earth’s surface varies due to absorption, scattering, reflection, change in spectral content, diffuse component, water vapor, clouds and pollution etc. In this research, it is being investigated that how efficiently real-time shadow can be detected for both direct and diffuse radiation considering reflection and other factors in contrast with the existing shadow detection methods using latest technologies and what is the minimum quality of data required for this purpose. Of course, geometric details of the building geometry and surroundings directly affect the calculation of shadows. In principle, 3D city models or point clouds, which contain roof structure, vegetation, thematically differentiated surface and texture, are suitable to simulate exact real-time shadow. This research would develop an automated procedure to measure exact shadow effect from the 3D city models and a long-term simulation model to determine the produced energy from the photovoltaic system. In this paper, a developed method for detecting shadow for direct radiation has been discussed with its result using a 3D city model to perform a solar energy potentiality analysis. 1. INTRODUCTION Photovoltaic potentiality analysis is very complex and important task, since this expensive technology has become an essential part of urban planning. Even governments in some countries are also boosting and supporting photovoltaic energy production by involving private households through various strategies. China is fuelling the solar companies with cheap loans amounting 21 billion euros which lowers price 30 percent below the production cost. Germany has also been supporting solar industry with subsidies, incentives and feed-in tariffs (Wasserrab, 2011). But before installing it is essential to know how much energy will be produced and how long will it take to recover the cost. Photovoltaic cells are expensive and if it is placed at a wrong place where due to shadow, the production is much lower than it was measured from potentiality analysis, they will lose money. Therefore it must be investigated to measure exact shadow effect and sunlight intensity on each surface. Energy production from photovoltaic system depends of incident solar energy and photovoltaic efficiency. Efficiency of photovoltaic cell depends on spectrum and intensity of incident light and temperature of the cell. Solar energy incident upon a surface depends on longitude, latitude, sun angles, surface tilt, surface orientation, contribution of direct and diffuse radiation, absorption, reflectance, shadow caused by surrounding objects etc. 3D models are most realistic options for detecting shadow and other parameters. Advancement in geo-information is producing high quality and realistic 3D urban models including high geometric details which are being used for urban planning, cultural heritage, navigation, gaming, disaster management, architecture and other purposes. A good * Corresponding author. basis for automatic detection of best fitting roof and facade surface for photovoltaic cells in terms of energy performance and integration possibilities are 3D city models. Buildings are the largest consumers of energy in cities. For large scale implementation in the urban areas building integrated photovoltaic system is an appropriate option. A calculation procedure of shading factor under complex boundary condition can be found in Cascone et al. (2011), which introduced an external shading reduction coefficient of the incident solar radiation based on simplified hypothesis. Baum (2009) has developed shadow analyzer tool for the analysis of the shadow from external objects as well as sun tracking solar collector for very small area, which gives an approximate result by considering default monthly probabilities of clear sky. Joachem et al. (2009) considered shadowing effects by calculating the horizon of each point, which used full 3D information based on input LIDAR point clouds where small objects are not considered and excluded from the profile line. Hofierka & Kaiüuk (2009) presents a methodology for photovoltaic potential which includes a shadowing algorithm which was unable to be used with vertical facades. Izquierdo et al. (2008) described a method for estimating the potential roof surface for large-scale evaluations excluding fagades. Here the influences of hourly shadow on monthly values and spacing needed between modules to avoid shadowing are taken into account. The paper has been organized with a brief introduction at the beginning explaining background of photovoltaic energy and motivation for this research in section 1. Then some related researches have been mentioned to find out the gap in literature.

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