central projections of the features are obtained in the 
images, 
1.2 The reconstruction of the pencils of rays from the 
images. 
1.5 The relative orientation or the reconstruction of 
the feature as a three dimensional model from the recon- 
structed pencils of rays. 
1.4 The absolute orientation and the determination of 
the coordinates. 
2. The principles of the tests 
2.1 The camera 
It seems very desirable that the camera be tested 
under actual photographing conditions in addition to the 
normal laboratory tests. The reconstruction of the pencils 
of rays at the plotting should refer as accurately as pos- 
sible to the mathematical pencils of rays between the de- 
tails on the ground and the perspective center. Therefore 
the disturbances of the pencils of rays at the photography 
nave to be determined under the existing conditions. 
The camera has to be tested with the aid of image co- 
ordinate measurements, Superfluous observationsshould al- 
ways be present and should be treated according to the 
method of the least squares. The test should be performed 
with glass plates and film. 
Primarily the camera test should give the following 
information. 
a) The distortion curve of the pictures. 
b) The residual image coordinate errors in a great number 
of uniformly distributed points after corrections for the 
radial distortion and after an adjustment of the coordinate 
discrepancies in at least 5 well distributed points with 
the aid of the elements of the external orientation. The 
residual image coordinate errors should be presented as 
a vector diagram. 
  
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