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PHOTOGRAMMETRIC STUDIES ON STOA 
IN ANCIENT CITY OF KNIDOS (DATCA-MUGLA) 
Ferruh YILDIZ 3 , Hakan KARABORK 3 ,Murat YAKAR 3 , Lutfiye ALP 3 ,H.Murat YILMAZ b 
3 University Selcuk, Enginering Faculty, Dept. Of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Kampus, Konya,Turkey -(fyildiz, 
karabork, yakar, lutfiye)@selcuk.edu.tr 
b University Nigde, Aksaray Enginering Faculty, Dept. Of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Kampus, Aksaray, Turkey - 
hmyilmaz@nigde.edu.tr 
Keyword : Digital Photogrammetry, Close-Range Photogrammetry, Archaeology, Culturel Heritage, History 
ABSTRACT 
The history of Knidos ancient city, which is located in Datca (Mugla) Province, is known since B.C. 700. 5*3.8 m 2 dimensioned 
small rooms, called as Stoa, were built in front of the terrace walls of Knidos ancient city. Stoa, thougt as an complex structure, is a 
group of rooms in which commercial products were kept and sold. Terrain and office works are done for photogrammetric 
restitution. Drawing and restitution of Stoa which is taken out by surface excavation up to July 2002 are determined. Gorund control 
points are measured by Topcon GTS 701 Total Station. Front photographs of Stoa are taken with Leica R5 (50 mm objective) optic 
camera. Films are scanned with HP Photo Smart Scanner in 2400 dpi optical resolution and transferred into Pictran software. Images 
of interior walls of Stoa are taken with Nikon Coolpix 950 digital camera and,images transferred into Pictran software. Root mean 
square of the ground control points are computed as m x = ±2cm , m z = ilcm , m y = ±3cm . 
1. INTRODUCTION 
Knidos is located the most point of peninsula called “Datca 
Peninsula”. This peninsula covers the border between Aegean 
sea at North and Mediterranean Sea at South. Today, this area 
which is belong to Mugla Province had taken part in border of 
Karia area on Ancient period. 
The stoas in which commercial goods both bought and sold 
were a important part of historical structure in Konidos Ancient 
City. Each sota has a dimension of 5 m*3.8m. All stoas-door 
open to South (Fig. 1). Since century stoas have been destructed 
due to meteoroligical condition and other reasons. The aim of 
this study is to obtain photogrammetric rolove in order to realize 
restoration process of stoa in Knidos Ancient City as similar to 
its original. Excavation in Knidos Ancient city has been carried 
out by Prof. Dr. Ramazan OZGAN in cooperation with the 
Ministry of Culture and Tourism in Turkey, since 1987. 
2. MATERIAL and METHOD 
In this sudy, firstly plan of stoa was obtained by geodetic 
method (Fig.2). For this, new ground control points were 
established in Knidos Ancient City with the use of 
triangulation point and polygon which were established 
previously. Coordinate of new ground control points were 
calculated. Photogrammetric rolove of stoas were obtained from 
east, west and south sight of stoas. In order to use in the 
photogrammetric restitution, ground control points for which 
disturibution were convenient were marked on Stoas and 
measured by Topcon GTS 701 Total Station in 
National Coordinate System(UTM). Distance precision 
measured by Topcon GTS 701 Total 
Station is m s =±(2 mm+2 ppm.D) and precison of angle is ±l cc 
as dictated by user manuel. All photographs were taken with 
two different cameras (Leica R5 optic camera and Nikon 
Coolpix 950 digital camera). The photographs taken with Leica 
R5 optic camera were transformed from analog form to digital 
form by HP Photo Smart Scanner. The calibrated paramétrés of 
Leica R5_50 camera are 
a- image coordinates of principal point 
x 0 = 0.013 mm ; y 0 =0.065 mm 
b- focal lenght 
c=-50.696 mm. 
The calibrated paramétrés of Nikon Coolfix 950 camera are 
a- image coordinates of principal point 
x 0 = -0.0113 mm ; y 0 =-0.00605 mm 
b- focal lenght 
c=7.06014mm. 
Root mean square of the ground control points are computed as 
m x = ±2cm, m z = ±lcm. m y =±3cm. 
In this study, PICTRAN soflwre developed by Technet Gmbh 
(Germany) was used. 
Figure. 1 Knidos Peninsula and A View of Stoa