Fig.1 Example of deforestation in Thailand. 
(Landsat MSS Dec.31,1984,M0S-1 MESSR Jan.20,1989) 
Reds Grass,Bush ► Bare soil 
Yellow: Forest Bare soil 
Cvnri! Forest * Grass,Bush 
4.FUTURE EARTH ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 
4.1 JERS-l/ERS-1 System 
Japanese Earth Resources Satellite-1(JERS-1) will 
be launched by H-I rocket in Feb.,1992. JERS-1 
has two sensors: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) 
and Optical Sensor (OPS). OPS has 8 bands and 
is covering from visible, near-infrared and 
short-wave infrared. Spatial resolution is 
improved from 50m of MESSR to 18m of OPS.Four 
bands in short-wave region is useful to detect 
minerals. By using band 3 (0.76-0.86 p) and 
4(0.76-0.86 ^,stereo angle 15.3 degree), stereo 
scopic capability can be obtained. SAR data is L 
band HH (transmit horizontal polarization and 
receive horizontal polarization) and has spatial 
resolution of 18m (3 looks). 
European Remote Sensing Satellite-l(ERS-l) will 
be launched in 1991 and EOC/NASDA will receive 
and process ERS-1 data. By using JERS-1 and 
ERS-1, NASDA will conduct verification program 
and will issue announcement opportunity (AO) for 
JERS-1 and ERS-1. Concerning JERS-1, AO will be 
issued to domestic and foreign organizations. 
Concerning ERS-1, AO will be issued only to 
domestic organizations. In these verification 
programs, production of data sets will be more 
important. 
Data sets using OPS data and SAR data are 
promising to distinguish land cover. Moreover,in 
order to obtain contour line, datasets consisting 
band 3 and 4 of OPS is useful where stereo angle 
15.3 deg and B/H is equal to 0.3. 
Concerning data sets using ERS-1 and JERS-1,there 
is combination of L band SAR data of JERS-1 and C 
band SAR data of ERS-1. By using two frequencies, 
both land cover and ice type can be 
discriminated. 
Since there is one on-board data recorder mounted 
on JERS-1, any scene in the world can be seen. As 
an operation plan, SAR data will be obtained once 
during two years and only VNIR(Visible and Near- 
infrared radiometer) data of OPS data can be 
obtained twice during two years for land area and 
coastal region. Among OPS data.SWIR (Short Wave- 
Infrared Radiometer) data will be obtained about 
once during two years. 
4.2 ADEOS System 
ADEOS(ADvanced Earth Observing Satellite) will be 
launched by H-II rocket in 1995. ADEOS will have 
two core sensors: OCTS (Ocean Color and 
Temperature Sensor) and AVNIR (Advanced Visible 
and Near-Infrared Radiometer) and 6 AO 
sensors. Among AO sensors, two sensors: 
NSCAT(NASA scatterometer) and TOMS (Total Ozone 
Mapping Spectrometer) are provided by Jet 
Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Goodard Space 
Flight Center (GSFC).NASA,respectively. TOMS is 
now mounted on Nimbus 7 and plays an important 
role in detecting ozone hole in antarctica. ILAS 
(Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer) will be 
provided by the Environment Agency and will 
detect ozone around north and south pole. CNES 
will provide AO sensor POLDER which can observe 
bidirectionality and polarization of the solar 
radiation reflected by the atmosphere and can 
monitor aerozol over ocean. IMG (Interferometric 
Monitor for Greenhouse Gases) will be provided by 
MITI and can detect greenhouse gasses such as 
carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is increasing 
sharply and will have great influence upon the 
climate in the world. Concerning OCTS, spatial 
resolution is 700m and swath width is 1400km.OCTS