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Coincidence of components borders
Revealing natural borders in contrast to
temporary and casual borders as well as
their control by relief, hydrography, ve
getation, soils, deposits types, rocks and
other indicators
Thematic interpretation of air-space pho
tographs on landscape basis
Recurrence (rhythmics) and its regularities
Elective study of structure of PTK types
by the key plot method
Revealing PTK typological units
Specificity of structure
Use of physiognomic structure as a lands*
cape indicator when studying forests by
small-scale and supersmall-scale photog-
raphs
Similarity of structure of units which are
genetically and dynamically similar
Grounds for Intralandscape extrapolation
within PTK types
Revealing regularity of the structure on
the basis of the most physiognomic PTK of
the type under study with subsequent extra
polation into weak physiognomic
Remote sensing photographs available at the
disposal of specialists have a wide range
resolution and they allow to study PTK pra
ctically with any degree of detail. The
sequential analysis of taiga lands' morp
hological structure "from top to bottom" is
possible, beginning from PTK of the highest
ranks (landscape lands, regions, districts)
and finishing with stow facial structure
study with the use of large-scale airphoto-
graphs. Such interpretation sequence is po
ssible only in case, when at all stages of
air-space photographs interpretation not
individual, but typological categories of
landscapes, terrains, stows and facies are
revealed. Multistage study of landscapes'
morphological structure is coincided with
landscape mapping. All the land of the
Earth is subdivided into landscape lands
which can be mapped at the scale not more
than 6*l(f 7 . Landscape regions are revealed
within the landscape lands and landscape
maps at the scale of<3*10’ 7 are compiled.
Within the regions the landscape kinds are
revealed and mapped at the scMe of 10’ 7 .
Within the landscape kinds on the key plots
of the first order (10~^ scales) maps of
landscape localities are compiled. Winter
TV space photographs with low resolution
have been found out to be perspective. On
the key plots of the second order
(10’ 5 scales) stow types are studied. The
solution of this task is possible by winter
and autyfim space photographs. On the key
E lots of the third order (10”^ scales) wit-
in the stow types facial structure is stu
died and mapped. For the purpose large-scale
airphotos and enlarged mean-scale airphotos
of good photographic quality are necessary.
On the key plots of the second order it is
possible to project landscape profiles for
ground study of facies' structure and ecolo
gy-
Landscape profiles represent the vertical
section of PTK along the straight line exp
ressing the geological structure and litho
logical composition of rocks, waters, vege
tation and animal communities. The landscape
profile gives a visual representation of the
interconnections of natural components, PTK
natural borders genesis, about the guiding
role of geologo-geomorphological factors.
When air-space photos landscape interpreta
tion is widely used as well as preliminary
different scale PTK mapping, there is no ne
cessity in landscape profiles of large ex
tent.
The conjugated stows testing can be per
formed with the help of landscape profiles
with the extent from several hundreds of me
ters to 1.0 - 1.5 km. The landscape profile
scale must be comparable or equal to the la
ndscape map scale. The vertical scale is ma
de somewhat larger with the aim of more ex-
f ressive (plastic) demonstration of the re
leí, thicknesses of quaternary deposits and
bed-rocks•
At present since space-air survey scales'
range is widened, almost all the operations
on landscape mapping can be executed in la
boratory and the field work can be restric
ted to facial descriptions on landscape pro
files.
The sequential different scale analysis
of the morphological PTK structure "from top
to bottom", from the general to the particu
lar is the most perspective under the condi
tions of inaccessible taiga - bog zone. The
sequence of the method ensures the most com
plete cover of the whole natural complexes'
diversity in the studies regions. Due to the
rational landscape profiles distribution,
their concentration at the most accessible
places for ground survey, the reduction of
their extent, the total volume of field
works is considerably reduced.
Different scale study of PTK structure is
of great importance, since it structurally
confirms or refuses the correctness of lar
ger natural complexes revealing or it serves
as a reliable control for conditioning of
landscape - morphological investigations.
It is particularly visual on the landscape
maps of small, mean and large scales, compi
led for the eastern part of the West-Siberi-
an plain. The Kass landscape terrains study
confirms its structural homogeneity, separa
tion and reliance of nature borders. Stow
study structurally confirms the correctness
of terrain types revealing. Terrains' bor
ders are well read on stow combinations.
In the PTK ranges the close interconnection
and the genetic conjunction of all the com
ponents, landscape elements, ecological re
gimes and dynamic processes are observed. At
the same time when interpreting "the closed"
forest lands, various studied objects* fea
tures are insufficiently expressed that ma
kes difficult remote sensing of them. So one
of the perspective interpretation methods is
the landscape indicators method. When visual
observation and remote sensing imagery are
used, landscape indicators are physiognomic
components and landscape elements, PTK with
the features of their structure, connected
with indication objects - indicators conce
aled from the visual observation and remote
registration. The most important for air-spa
ce photos interpretation are such Indicators
as relief, vegetation, people's activity re
sults, erosion-hydrographic network and wa