3. PRESENT STATUS OF EARTH ENVIRONMENTAL 
MONITORING 
NASDA developed and launched MOS-1 by N-II rocket 
from Tanegashima Space Center, NASDA on 
Feb.19,1987. As a development, NASDA conducted 
field verification experiment during 1981 FY-1983 
FY and MOS-1 airborne verification experiment 
during 1984 FY-1985 FY in collboration with 
participating organizations before the launch of 
MOS-1. After the launch of MOS-1, NASDA conducted 
MOS-1 Verification Program (MVP) during 1987 FY- 
1989 FY in collaboration with 60 domestic 
organizations and 15 foreign organizations. 
Through these verification, performance of MOS-1 
observation system and the utility of MOS-1 data 
in various fields of applications have been 
evaluated. During 1989 FY, NASDA continued 
evaluation of MOS-1 data in collaboration with 20 
domestic organizations and 3 foreign 
organizations. 
As a result of evaluation, MOS-1 data can be 
utilized in various fields of applications 
including environment monitoring. MOS-lb was 
successfully launched by H-I rocket on Feb.7,1990 
By using MOS-1 and MOS-lb, repetition of 
observation has been doubled and this will 
contribute to earth environment 
monitoring. Unfortunately, MOS-1 has no on-board 
tape recorder. However, there are 11 MOS-1 
Table 1 Examples of Environmental Monitoring Results of MOS-1 
Classification 
Earth Environmental Monitoring Items 
Sensor Data 
Band Number 
Example of Test Sites 
Ocean 
•River effluents, Coastal water 
MESSR 
Band 1,2 
Sea around Japan, Yellow Sea 
• Water quality 
MESSR 
Band 1,2 
Tokyo Bay, Malacca Straits 
(Chrolophyl, turbidity etc.) 
•Colored water from submarine volcano 
MESSR 
Band 1,2,3 
Near South loh Jima 
• Sea surface temperature 
VTIR 
Band 3,4 
Sea around Japan 
•Current interface 
VTIR 
Band 3,4 
Off shore of Sanriku 
• Water region 
VTIR 
Band 3,4 
Off shore of Sanriku, Kurosio current 
•Sea temperature, Sal inity, Wave height, 
DCS 
- 
Southern sea of Japan, Bering Sea 
Wave spctrum,Under water ambient noise 
• Sea ice distribution 
MSR/VTIR/MESSR 
Off shore of Monbetsu, Sea of Okhotsk, 
Ocean of Antarctica (Near Showa Base) 
Land 
• Land uti1ization 
MESSR 
Band 1,2,3,4 
Tokyo,Hiratsuka, Singapore 
• Cultivation 
MESSR 
Band 1,2,3,4 
Suphan Buri (Thailand) 
• Forest 
MESSR 
Band 1,2,3,4 
Hokkaido, Cihu, Gunma, Thailand 
• Mineral deposits 
MESSR 
Band 1,2,3,4 
Pusan (Korea) 
• Flood 
MESSR 
Band 1,2,3,4 
Agano River 
• Volcano 
MESSR 
Band 1,2,3,4 
Oshima, Miyakejima, Sakurajima 
• Land siide 
MESSR 
Band 1,2,3,4 
Nagano, Mt.Ontake 
•Lake, Reservoir 
MESSR 
Band 1,2,3,4 
Kasumigaura, Lake Biwa, Singapore 
• Snow distribution 
MSR/VTIR/MESSR 
Band 1,3 or 2,4 
Hokkaido 
Atmosphere 
•Water vapor, Cloud liquid 
MSR 
Band 1,3 or 2,4 
Hachizyojima, Chichijima, 
Minamidaitojima 
• Precipitation area 
MSR 
Band 1,3 or 2,4 
Radar zone from Mt.Fuji 
•Jet atmospheric current,cirrus 
VTIR 
Band 2 (6-7 // m) 
Japan and its surroundings 
•Cloud, Typhoon, Flont etc. 
VT IR/MESSR/MSR 
Japan and its surroundings 
receiving stations in the world. So,most area is 
covered by these ground stations. 
MOS-1 has 4 mission instruments:MESSR (Multi- 
spectral Electronic Self-Scanning Radiometer), 
VTIR (Visible and Thermal Infra-red Radiometer), 
MSR (Microwave Scanning Radiometer) and DOST ( 
Data Collection System Transponder). Earth 
environmental monitoring results are shown in 
Table 1. Concerning ocean, sea surface 
temperature can be obtained by using VTIR Band 3 
and 4. Turbidity can be monitored by MESSR. 
Deforestation can be also monitored by MESSR. 
Water vapor and cloud liquid can be obtained by 
using MSR 23 GHz and 31GHz. Moreover, sea ice 
distribution can be obtained under all weather 
condition by using MSR. Example of deforestation 
obtained by MOS-1 is shown in Fig.l. By using 
Landsat MSS data (Dec.31,1984) and MOS-1 MESSR 
(Jan.20,1989), deforestation in Kanohanaburi, 
Thailand were detected, where NVI (Normalized 
Vegetation Index) was obtained for the MSS data 
and maximum likelihood method was applied to 
MESSR data.Changes from grass,bush to bare 
soil,from forest to bare soil and from forest to 
grass,bush are shown in Fig.l. 
BAND 1 
(Bl) 
BAND 2 
(B2) 
BAND 3 
(B3) 
BAND 4 
(B4) 
SWATH WIDTH 
NOMINAL SPATIAL 
RESOLUTION 
MESSR 
0.51-0.59// 
0.61-0.69// 
0.72- 0.80// 
0.80- 1.1// 
100 km 
50 m 
VTIR 
0.5 -0.7 n 
6.0 -7.0 u 
10.5 -11.5 // 
11.5 -12.5// 
1500 km 
900m(Bl)2700m(B2,3,4) 
MSR 
23.8 GHz 
23.8 GHz 
31.4 GHz 
31.4 GHz 
317 km 
32km (B1,2) 
10 msec* 
47 msec* 
10 msec* 
47 msec* 
23km (B3,4) 
DCST 
DCP w 
DCST 
- E0C 
401.47MHz 
1.7GHz 
N. A. 
N. A. 
^Integration Time 
534